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Passage Three Pablo Picasso was the most influential and successful artist of the 20th century. Painting, sculpture, graphic art, and ceramics were all profoundly and irrevocably affected by his genius. As the son of a professor of art, Picasso’s talent for drawing was recognized at an early age. An advanced student at the Barcelona Academy of Fine Arts from the age of 14, he experimented in his youth with nearly all of the avant-garde styles current at the turn of the century, an early demonstration of his lifelong ability to assimilate aesthetic ideas and to work in a variety of styles. For Picasso, the meaning of art was to be derived from other works of art, and not directly from nature. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec’s work had a significant impact on his early paintings, as did the work of Paul Cezanne. Their influence, among others, can be detected in the paintings of Picasso’s "blue period", which was stimulated by his exposure to life and thought in Paris, where he made his home after 1904. In works such as The Old Guitarist, he created evocative portrayals of blind, impoverished, or despairing people in a predominantly blue palette. His use of blue as a motif was apparently derived from the symbolic Maeterlinck and Oscar Wilde, whose work often derived its force from depictions of madness or illness. Although his palette and subject matter changed when he entered what is called his "rose period, during which he painted harlequins and circus performers in a lighter and warmer color scheme, an underlying mood of spiritual loneliness and lyrical melancholy that marked his "blue" paintings was retained. These paintings, however, do display a classical calm that contrasts clearly with the nervous expressionism of the blue period. Picasso’s "Blue Period" could be characterized as______.
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Passage Four President Bill Clinton is being squeezed on the issue of gays in the military. Gays demand that he lift the ban on them. But the generals and admirals say, please, spare us this massive migraine. If Clinton wants maximum effectiveness from the military, he’ll try to squirm out of his political promise to end the ban. He can’t soothe both sides on this issue. If he keeps his word, he’ll anger the military and a large segment of America. If he breaks his promise, he’ll anger gays and their Hollywood supporters, who gave him votes and money last year. Were I asked to cast a tie-breaking vote; it would be for the military. They know more about what it takes to win wars than Barbra. Streisand or the Gay and Lesbian Alliance. And if the Pentagon had done a better job of arguing its case, the vast majority of Americans would agree. Instead, gays have skillfully used the media to argue that the military ban is nothing more than discrimination. Those who disagree are called gay-bashers. "We’re caught in a propaganda war being waged by the media and gay lobbyists," Lt. Col. Robert Maginnis recently wrote," Most media members who advocate lifting the ban never served in the military. They don’t understand the lack of privacy and forced intimacy in the barracks." He’s right. Military life is unique. The civilian job closest to soldiering is being a cop. There are gay cops, and that’s okay. But as a cop, you work your shift and go home. You don’t live on a ship with another cop 24 hours a day. You don’t shower and sleep near him for months at a time. And since we’re talking about sex-specifically a form of sex that most Americans consider morally wrong-anybody who says that it won’t affect morale and discipline in the military has never been in a barracks or on a crowded troopship. Yes, there are polls that tell us that more than 40 percent of Americans think the gay ban should be lifted. These polls are about as meaningful as those that say ten percent of Americans believe Elvis lives. A poll limited to those in the military and those who have served would show that an overwhelming majority would be against lifting the ban. They know that most who volunteer to serve in our military have conservative, middle-class, God-country-family values. It’s conformist organization from haircut to stockings. And it places less value on individual rights than on the unit as a whole. It has its own laws and justice system, which by civilian standards would be considered authoritarian. Maybe you don’t want to live that way, but if we are going to fight wars, it works. If gays are accepted by the military, they will demand change. Some activists will probably push for a gay quota at West Point. There’s nothing wrong with change if it has a positive purpose. This doesn’t. We’re not talking about patriotism, love of country, sacrifice. Gay obsessive-not to be confused with ordinary people who happen to be gay-have an agenda: total social acceptance. And they are using the military ban as a blue chip in their poker game. A gay Washington lawyer summed it up when he told the New York Times: "Any instruments that defer or delegate this issue to the military are inherently suspect." Hey, lawyer, this country’s military has won many more battles than it has lost. When it comes to fighting, Gen. Colin Powell’s views are less suspect than those of a Washington lawyer who hasn’t spent one minute in combat. From ousting Saddam from Kuwait to helping Somalia, our military has been effective. As the saying goes, if it isn’t broke, don’t fix it. In the author’s opinion,
Passage Three Pablo Picasso was the most influential and successful artist of the 20th century. Painting, sculpture, graphic art, and ceramics were all profoundly and irrevocably affected by his genius. As the son of a professor of art, Picasso’s talent for drawing was recognized at an early age. An advanced student at the Barcelona Academy of Fine Arts from the age of 14, he experimented in his youth with nearly all of the avant-garde styles current at the turn of the century, an early demonstration of his lifelong ability to assimilate aesthetic ideas and to work in a variety of styles. For Picasso, the meaning of art was to be derived from other works of art, and not directly from nature. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec’s work had a significant impact on his early paintings, as did the work of Paul Cezanne. Their influence, among others, can be detected in the paintings of Picasso’s "blue period", which was stimulated by his exposure to life and thought in Paris, where he made his home after 1904. In works such as The Old Guitarist, he created evocative portrayals of blind, impoverished, or despairing people in a predominantly blue palette. His use of blue as a motif was apparently derived from the symbolic Maeterlinck and Oscar Wilde, whose work often derived its force from depictions of madness or illness. Although his palette and subject matter changed when he entered what is called his "rose period, during which he painted harlequins and circus performers in a lighter and warmer color scheme, an underlying mood of spiritual loneliness and lyrical melancholy that marked his "blue" paintings was retained. These paintings, however, do display a classical calm that contrasts clearly with the nervous expressionism of the blue period. Picasso’s"Rose Period"______.
Passage Four President Bill Clinton is being squeezed on the issue of gays in the military. Gays demand that he lift the ban on them. But the generals and admirals say, please, spare us this massive migraine. If Clinton wants maximum effectiveness from the military, he’ll try to squirm out of his political promise to end the ban. He can’t soothe both sides on this issue. If he keeps his word, he’ll anger the military and a large segment of America. If he breaks his promise, he’ll anger gays and their Hollywood supporters, who gave him votes and money last year. Were I asked to cast a tie-breaking vote; it would be for the military. They know more about what it takes to win wars than Barbra. Streisand or the Gay and Lesbian Alliance. And if the Pentagon had done a better job of arguing its case, the vast majority of Americans would agree. Instead, gays have skillfully used the media to argue that the military ban is nothing more than discrimination. Those who disagree are called gay-bashers. "We’re caught in a propaganda war being waged by the media and gay lobbyists," Lt. Col. Robert Maginnis recently wrote," Most media members who advocate lifting the ban never served in the military. They don’t understand the lack of privacy and forced intimacy in the barracks." He’s right. Military life is unique. The civilian job closest to soldiering is being a cop. There are gay cops, and that’s okay. But as a cop, you work your shift and go home. You don’t live on a ship with another cop 24 hours a day. You don’t shower and sleep near him for months at a time. And since we’re talking about sex-specifically a form of sex that most Americans consider morally wrong-anybody who says that it won’t affect morale and discipline in the military has never been in a barracks or on a crowded troopship. Yes, there are polls that tell us that more than 40 percent of Americans think the gay ban should be lifted. These polls are about as meaningful as those that say ten percent of Americans believe Elvis lives. A poll limited to those in the military and those who have served would show that an overwhelming majority would be against lifting the ban. They know that most who volunteer to serve in our military have conservative, middle-class, God-country-family values. It’s conformist organization from haircut to stockings. And it places less value on individual rights than on the unit as a whole. It has its own laws and justice system, which by civilian standards would be considered authoritarian. Maybe you don’t want to live that way, but if we are going to fight wars, it works. If gays are accepted by the military, they will demand change. Some activists will probably push for a gay quota at West Point. There’s nothing wrong with change if it has a positive purpose. This doesn’t. We’re not talking about patriotism, love of country, sacrifice. Gay obsessive-not to be confused with ordinary people who happen to be gay-have an agenda: total social acceptance. And they are using the military ban as a blue chip in their poker game. A gay Washington lawyer summed it up when he told the New York Times: "Any instruments that defer or delegate this issue to the military are inherently suspect." Hey, lawyer, this country’s military has won many more battles than it has lost. When it comes to fighting, Gen. Colin Powell’s views are less suspect than those of a Washington lawyer who hasn’t spent one minute in combat. From ousting Saddam from Kuwait to helping Somalia, our military has been effective. As the saying goes, if it isn’t broke, don’t fix it. Military life is different from the cops in that______.
Passage Two Rubbish dumps throughout the industrial world are nearly full, heralding a crisis for city authorities as they look at alternative ways of dealing with the global garbage crisis. That problem is peculiar to fast-moving, wealthy societies, which increasingly demand more packaged goods. In New York State alone, residents have doubled their demand for packaged goods in the past thirty years. And the situation is not expected to ease, not least because of social trends. As more women transfer their production and management skills to commercial enterprises, demand for convenience products in the home continues to grow, says a report published by the Washington-based World Watch Institute. The only solution for a nation which now spends more on wrapping food than it pays farmers to produce it, is recycling on a grand scale for commercial as well as conservation reasons. The Institute wants multi-layered dustbins to be distributed to households, and people to be obliged to separate their waste into four categories: organic, glass and metals; paper; plastics and miscellaneous. It also believes it can only be a matter of time before such bins have to be made compulsory. Cynthia Pollock, the author of the report, entitled "Mining Urban Wastes: The Potential for Recycling", points out that "consumers and policy makers are just beginning to realize that there is not real ’away’ for throwaway". Pollock believes that recycling is the only alternative. "Although household wastes are usually thrown out with little regard for their remaining value, a list of the world’s discards would reveal a wealth of materials." And it is not just food; "Simply recovering the print run of the Sunday edition of the New York Times would leave 75,000 trees standing and reduce the energy used per ton of paper by up to three-quarters." Which of the following words is closest in meaning to "miscellaneous" in paragraph 4
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