The name "United Nations", coined by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was (36)________used in the "Declaration by United Nations" of 1 January 1942, during the Second World War, when (37)________of 26 nations pledged their governments to continue fighting together against the Axis Powers. The (38)________of the United Nations was the League of Nations, an (39)________ conceived in similar circumstances during the First World War, and established in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles "to (40)________international cooperation and to achieve peace and security". The International Labor Organization was also (41)________under the Treaty of Versailles as an affiliated (42)________of the League. The League of Nations (43)________its activities after failing to prevent the Second World War. (44)________________. Those delegates deliberated on the basis of proposals worked out by the representatives of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States at Dumbarton Oaks, United States, in August to October 1944. (45)________________. Poland, which was not represented at the Conference, signed it later and became one of the original 51 member states. (46)________________, when the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and a majority of other signatories.