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Text 3In the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences, one little fact gets overlooked: no one has identified any genes (other than those in the case of retardation) that affect intelligence. So researchers led by Robert Plomin of London’s Institute of Psychiatry decided to look for some.Plomin’s colleagues drew blood from two groups of 51 children each. They are all White living in six counties around Cleveland. In one group, the average IQ is 136. In the other group, the average IQ is 103. Isolating the blood cells, the researchers then examined each child’s chromosome 6 ( One of 23 human chromosomes along which genes made of DNA). Of the 37 landmarks on chromo- some 6 that the researchers looked for, one jumped out: a form of gene called IGF2R occurred in twice as many children in high-IQ group as in the average group -- 32 percent versus 16 percent. The survey concludes that it is this form of the IGF2R gene, called allele 5, that contributes to intelligence.Plomin cautions that "this is not a genius gene. h is one of many." ( About half the differences in intelligence between one person and another are thought to reflect different genes, and half reflect different life experiences. ) The gene accounts for no more than four extra IQ points. And it is neither necessary nor sufficient for high IQ: 23 percent of the average-IQ kids did have it, but 54 percent of genius kids did not.The smart gene is known by the interesting name "insulinlike growth factor 2 receptor" (IGF2R to its fun). It lets hormones like one similar to insulin dock with cells. Although a gene involved with insulin is not the most obvious candidate for an IQ gene, new evidence suggests it might indeed play the role. Sometimes when a hormone docks with the cell, it makes the cell grow; sometimes it makes the cell commit suicide. Both responses could organize the development of the brain. Scientists at the National Institutes of Health find that insulin can stimulate nerves to grow. And in rat brains, regions involved in learning and memory are chock full of insulin receptors.Even though this supports the idea that IGF2R can affect the brain and hence intelligence, some geneticists see major problem with the IQ-gene study. One is the possibility that Plomin’s group fell for what’s called the chopsticks fallacy. Geneticists might think they’ve found a gene for chopsticks skill, but all they’ve really found is a gene more common in Asian than, say, Africans. Similarly, Plomin’s IQ gene might simply be one that is more common in groups that emphasize academic achievement. "What if the gene they’ve found reflects ethnic differences" asks geneticist Andrew Feinberg of Johns Hopkins University. "I would take these findings with a whole box of salt." Robert Plomin did the survey involving two groups of students in order to（）
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反诉，是指在已经开始的民事诉讼中，被告向审判机关提出的旨在使原诉被撤销或失去作用的反请求。反诉中的被告即是本诉的原告，反诉最迟在本诉判决之前提起。反诉只能向审理本诉的审判机关提起，反诉与本诉的诉讼标的或诉讼理由应当具有牵连的关系。 根据上述定义，下面哪种情况属于反诉( )
11， 22， 22， 24， 33， 27， 55，32， ( )
Text 2Britain’s richest people have experienced the biggest-ever rise in their wealth, according to the Sunday Times Rich List. Driven by the new economy of Internet and computer entrepreneurs, the wealth of those at the top of the financial tree has increased at an unprecedented rate. The 12th annual Rich List will show that the collective worth of the country’s richest 1,000 people reached nearly 146 billion by January, the cut-off point for the survey. They represented an increase of 31 billion, or 27%, in just 12 months. Since the survey was compiled, Britain’s richest have added billions more to their wealth, thanks to the continuing boom in technology shares on the stock market. This has pushed up the total value of the wealth of the richest 1,000 to a probable 160 billion according to Dr. Philip Beresford, Britain’s acknowledged expert on personal wealth who compiles the Sunday Times Rich List.The millennium boom exceeds anything in Britain’s economic history, including the railway boom of the 1840s and the South Sea bubble of 1720. "It has made Margaret Thatcher’s boom seem as sluggish as Edward Heath’s three-day week," said Beresford. "We are seeing billions being added to the national wealth every week." William Rubinstein, professor of modem history at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, confirmed that the growth in wealth was unprecedented. "Almost all of today’s wealth has been created since the industrial revolution, but even by those heady standards the current boom is extraordinary," he said. "There is no large-scale cultural opposition or guilt about making money. In many ways British business attitudes can now challenge the United States."Although the Britain’s richest are experiencing the sharpest surge in wealth, the rest of the population has also benefited from the stock market boom and rising house prices. Last year wealth rose by 16% to a record 4,267 billion, according to calculation by the investment bank Salomon Smith Barney. In real terms, wealth has increased by more than a third since the late 1980s.Much of the wealth of the richest is held in shares in start-up companies. Some of these paper fortunes, analysts agree, could easily be wiped out, although the wealth-generating effects of the interest revolution seem to be here to stay.A Sunday Times Young Rich List confirms that people are becoming wealthier younger. It includes the 60 richest millionaires aged 30 or under. At the top, on 600m, is the "old money" Earl of Iveagh, 30, head of the Guinness brewing family. In second place is Charles Nasser, also 30, who launched the Clara-NET Internet provider four years ago and is worth 300m. The remaining eight in the top 10 young millionaires made their money from computing and the Internet. A new tendency emerged in the current boom is that（）
在现代社会中，当一个人追求幸福生活时不应该忽略接受教育方面的需求。如果没有对于人类在科学、文学和艺术方面的成就的欣赏能力并从这种欣赏中获得满足，那么一个人就算不上获得了真正的生活，只不过是生存而已。 这段话主要支持了这样一种观点，即教育( )。
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