题目内容

A pidgin is a language with no native speakers: it is no one’s first language but is a contact language. It is the product of a multilingual situation in which those wish to communicate must find or improvise a simple language system that (1)______ will enable them to do so. Very often too that situation is one which there is an (2)______ imbalance of power among the languages as the speakers of one language dominate the speakers of the other languages economically and socially. A highly codified language often escorts that dominant position. A pidgin is therefore (3)______ sometimes regarded as a "reduced" variety of a "normal" language, i. e , one of the aforementioned dominant language, with simplification of the grammar and (4)______ vocabulary of that language, considerably phonological variation, and an (5)______ admixture of local vocabulary to fill the special needs of the contact group. The (6)______ process of indigenization probably requires a situation that involves at least three languages, one of which is clearly dominant over the others. When three or more languages are involved and one is dominant, the speakers of the two or more that are inferior appear to play critical role in the development of a (7)______ pidgin. They must not only speak to those who are in the dominant position, they must also speak to each other. To do this, they have to (8)______ simplify the dominant language in certain ways. Therefore, a pidgin arises of the simplification of a language when that language comes to dominate (9)______ groups of speakers separated from each other by the language differences. (10)______

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