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Florence Nightingale In 1837, to the age of seventeen, Florence Nightingale decided to become a nurse, (51) horrified her dear mother. In (52) days, nurses were little more than doormen, and hospitals were places of dirtiness and (53) . Nightingale pressed on and in 1853 she became president (54) a small London hospital. She went on to the Crimea when war (55) there between Britain and Russia. She (56) the first of what we now know (57) war hospitals: sanitary. safe, and stocked with supplies. Her tireless ministrations (照料) to the (58) soldiers made her famous all (59) the world. Following the War, Nightingale (60) fame and continued to train nurse, ever battling (61) what she herself declared "a commonly received idea...that it requires nothing (62) a disappointment in love, or incapacity in other things, to turn a woman (63) a good nurse." Since 1921, her birthday (64) the centerpiece of National Hospital Week, (65) in British and American hospitals with special exhibitions, workshops, and publicity drives.
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A. find the topic sentencesB. find out the new wordsC. keep reading fastD. go to bed every dayE. keep a note of their reading speedF. look at your watch every few minutes You are advised to read something before you ______.
A. find the topic sentencesB. find out the new wordsC. keep reading fastD. go to bed every dayE. keep a note of their reading speedF. look at your watch every few minutes In "Speed Reading" courses, teachers often asks students to ______.
A. The Organization of An ArticleB. Check Your Reading SpeedC. A Way to Increase Your Reading SpeedD. Check Your UnderstandingE. Read Something Every DayF. Read Extensively Paragraph 3 ______
Human Heart Can Make New Cells Solving a longstanding mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age. The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack, experts say. "We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes, are renewed," said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. "It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with or if they could be renewed," he said. The process of renewing these ceils changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20-year-old, about 1 percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75. "If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated, it may potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after, for example, a heart attack," Frisen said. That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts. "A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure," noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. "Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said. With this finding, scientists are "opening the door to potential therapies to having ourselves heal ourselves," Bhardwaj said. "Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing." But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts--whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown. Chronic heart failure is associated with ______.
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