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Bill Gates and Walt Disney are two people America has （）to be the Greatest American.
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In 1854 my great-grandfather, Morris Marable, was sold on an auction block in Georgia for $ 500. For his white slave master, the sale was just “business as usual. "But to Morris Marable and his heirs, slavery was a crime against our humanity. This pattern of human rights violations against enslaved African-Americans continued under racial segregation for nearly another century.The fundamental problem of American democracy in the 21st century is the problem of "structural racism": the deep patterns of socio-economic inequality and accumulated disadvantage that are coded by race, and constantly justified in public speeches by both racist stereotypes and white indifference. Do Americans have the capacity and vision to remove these structural barriers that deny democratic rights and opportunities to millions of their fellow citizensThis country has previously witnessed two great struggles to achieve a truly multicultural democracy.The First Reconstruction (1865 - 1877) ended Slavery and briefly gave black men voting rights, but gave no meaningful compensation for two centuries of unpaid, labor. The promise of "40 acres and a mule (骡子)" was for most blacks a dream deferred (尚未实现的).The Second Reconstruction (1954 - 1968), or the modern civil rights movement, ended legal segregation in public accommodations and gave blacks voting rights. But these successes paradoxically obscure the tremendous human costs of historically accumulated disadvantage that remain central to black Americans’ lives.The disproportionate wealth that most whites enjoy today was first constructed from centuries of unpaid black labor. Many white institutions, including some leading universities, insurance companies and banks, profited from slavery. This pattern of white privilege and black inequality continues today.Demanding reparations (赔偿) is not just about compensation for slavery and segregation. It is, more important, an educational campaign to highlight the contemporary reality of "racial deficits" of all kinds, the unequal conditions that impact blacks regardless of class. Structural racism’s barriers include "equity inequity," the absence of black capital formation that is a direct consequence of America’s history. One third of all black households actually have negative net wealth. In 1998 the typical black family’s net wealth was $16,400, less than one fifth that of white families. Black families are denied home loans at twice the rate of whites.Blacks remain the last hired and first fired during recessions. During the 1990 - 91 recession, African-Americans suffered disproportionately. At Coca-Cola, 42 percent of employees who lost their jobs were blacks. At Sears, 54 percent were black. Blacks have significantly shorter life spans, in part due to racism in the health establishment. Blacks are statistically less likely than whites to be referred for kidney transplants or early-stage cancer surgery. What does the author think of the current situation regarding racial discrimination（）
You’re in trouble if you have to buy your own brand-name prescription drugs. Over the past decade, prices leaped by more than double the inflation rate. Treatments for chronic conditions can easily top $2,000 a month -- no wonder that one in four Americans can’t afford to fill their prescriptions. The solution A hearty chorus of "O Canada." North of the border, where price controls reign, those same brand-name drugs cost 50 % to 80 % less.The Canadian option is fast becoming a political wake-up call. "If our neighbors can buy drugs at we" Even to whisper that thought provokes anger. "Un-American! And -- the propagandists’ trump card (王牌) -- "Wreck our brilliant health-care system." Supersize drug prices, they claim, fund the research that sparks the next generation of wonder drugs. No skyhigh drug price today, no cure for cancer tomorrow. So shut up and pay up.Common sense tells you that’s a false alternative. The reward for finding, say, a cancer cure is so huge that no one’s going to hang it up. Nevertheless, if Canada-level pricing came to the United States, the industry’s profit margins would drop and the pace of new-drug development would slow. Here lies the American dilemma. Who is all this splendid medicine for Should our health-care system continue its drive toward the best of the best, even though rising numbers of patients can’t afford it Or should we direct our wealth toward letting everyone in on today’s level of care Measured by .saved lives, the latter is almost certainly the better course.To defend their profits, the drug companies have warned Canadian wholesalers and pharmacies (药房)not to sell to Americans by mail, and are cutting back supplies to those who dare.Meanwhile, the administration is playing the fear card. Officials from the Food and Drug Administration will argue that Canadian drugs might be fake, mishandled, or even a potential threat to life.Do bad drugs fly around the Internet Sure -- and the more we look, the more we’ll find. But I haven’t heard of any raging epidemics among the hundreds of thousands of people buying cross-border.Most users of prescription drugs don’t worry about costs a lot. They’re sheltered by employee insurance, owing just a $ 20 co-pay. The financial blows rain, instead, on the uninsured, especially the chronically ill who need expensive drugs to live. This group will still include middle-income seniors on Medicare, who’ll have to dig deeply into their pockets before getting much from the new drug benefit that starts in 2006. How do propagandists argue for the U.S. drug pricing policy（）
The institution has a highly effective program which helps first-year students make a successful （）into college life.
You’re in trouble if you have to buy your own brand-name prescription drugs. Over the past decade, prices leaped by more than double the inflation rate. Treatments for chronic conditions can easily top $2,000 a month -- no wonder that one in four Americans can’t afford to fill their prescriptions. The solution A hearty chorus of "O Canada." North of the border, where price controls reign, those same brand-name drugs cost 50 % to 80 % less.The Canadian option is fast becoming a political wake-up call. "If our neighbors can buy drugs at we" Even to whisper that thought provokes anger. "Un-American! And -- the propagandists’ trump card (王牌) -- "Wreck our brilliant health-care system." Supersize drug prices, they claim, fund the research that sparks the next generation of wonder drugs. No skyhigh drug price today, no cure for cancer tomorrow. So shut up and pay up.Common sense tells you that’s a false alternative. The reward for finding, say, a cancer cure is so huge that no one’s going to hang it up. Nevertheless, if Canada-level pricing came to the United States, the industry’s profit margins would drop and the pace of new-drug development would slow. Here lies the American dilemma. Who is all this splendid medicine for Should our health-care system continue its drive toward the best of the best, even though rising numbers of patients can’t afford it Or should we direct our wealth toward letting everyone in on today’s level of care Measured by .saved lives, the latter is almost certainly the better course.To defend their profits, the drug companies have warned Canadian wholesalers and pharmacies (药房)not to sell to Americans by mail, and are cutting back supplies to those who dare.Meanwhile, the administration is playing the fear card. Officials from the Food and Drug Administration will argue that Canadian drugs might be fake, mishandled, or even a potential threat to life.Do bad drugs fly around the Internet Sure -- and the more we look, the more we’ll find. But I haven’t heard of any raging epidemics among the hundreds of thousands of people buying cross-border.Most users of prescription drugs don’t worry about costs a lot. They’re sheltered by employee insurance, owing just a $ 20 co-pay. The financial blows rain, instead, on the uninsured, especially the chronically ill who need expensive drugs to live. This group will still include middle-income seniors on Medicare, who’ll have to dig deeply into their pockets before getting much from the new drug benefit that starts in 2006. What should be the priority of America's health-care system according to the author（）
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