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The word" colonies" refers to ______。
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How did Diana respond to the criticisms？
Is Your Child's Stomach Pain All in His Head？
We all know there are times that kids seem to complain (51) a stomach ache to get out of chores or going to school. Don't be so sure that the pain they (52) is all in their minds. We're learning more now about a condition (53) "functional abdominal pain" that is experienced by millions of kids every day.
Like many teenagers, Kyle Brust makes it a point to do his homework: as (54) as he gets home. Unlike most, Kyle often did his with a terrible stomach ache. In fact, the (55) often started while he was at school, but getting help there was getting harder.
"Some of my teachers wouldn't let me go, because I'd asked so many times before and they thought I was trying to get out of (56) ." says Kyle.
Kyle's mom Marilyn says she couldn't blame the (57) . After all, she'd taken him to the doctor several times herself, and even they couldn't find anything (58) .
"You know, you're running the tests and nothing's coming up. So, is it in his head, is he just an extremely stressful child？ It's just frustrating (59) we're not finding any answers. " says Marilyn.
It turns out Kyle was suffering from a condition known (60) functional abdominal pain, that affects as many as one out of every ten kids in this country. Even (61) the cause of the pain may not be obvious, there are real consequences.
"It really does hurt, and these kids really do suffer. " says Dr. Campo, MD at Nationwide Children's Hospital. To help (62) , Campo is looking into a new approach. He's conducting clinical trials of an antidepressant that changes the way the body handles a chemical called serotonin. In a preliminary study, Dr. Campo found that in about eight out of ten (63) , the drug normally used to treat emotional pain worked to ease the pain in the (64) .
"We think about it as being important in anxiety and depression and that's all quite true, but what's really interesting is that 95% of our body's serotonin is in our gut. " says Campo.
Campo believes these kids have extremely sensitive intestines, and controlling the effects of serotonin may (65) ease the pain. It seemed to .work for Kyle, who is now completely pain free for the first time in years.
(51)
Why does cream go bad faster than butter？ Some researchers think they found the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food,not its chemical composition--a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.
Cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances, so why cream should sour much faster has been a mystery. Both are emulsions--tiny globules (小球) of one liquid evenly distributed throughout another. The difference lies in what's in the globules and what's in the surrounding liquid, says Brocklehurst, who led the investigation.
In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter, globules of a watery solution are locked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery colonies of the mixture. "This means that in cream, the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture," he says. When the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in compartments (密封仓) buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients. They also slowly poison themselves with their waste products. "In butter, you get a self-limiting system which stops the bacteria growing," says Brocklehurst. The researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alterations to the food's structure. Brocklehurst believes it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream,for instance,more like that in butter. The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump.
The significance of Brocklehurst's research is that ______.
Compared with smart animals, stupid ones are more often immobilized by sleep.
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