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第二篇 Brain-dead Mother Dies after Giving Birth A brain-dead woman who was kept alive for three months so she could deliver the child she was carrying was removed from life support on Wednesday and died, a day after giving birth. "This is obviously a bittersweet time for our family," Justin Torres, the woman’s brother-in-law, said in a statement. Susan Torres， a cancer-stricken， 26-year-old researcher at the National Institutes of Health， suffered a stroke in May after the melanoma （黑瘤） spread to her brain. Her family decided to keep her alive to give her foetus （胎儿） a chance. It became a race between the foetus’ development and the cancer that was destroying the woman’s body. Doctors said that Torres’ health was getting worse and that the risk of harm to the foetus finally outweighed the benefits of extending the pregnancy. Torres gave birth to a daughter by Caesarean section （剖腹产手术） on Tuesday at Virginia Hospital Center. The baby was two months premature and weighed about a kilogram. She was in the newborn intensive care unit. Dr Donna Tilden-Archer， the hospital’s director of neonatology （新生儿学）， described the child as "very vigorous." She said the baby had responded when she received stimulation， indicating she was healthy. Doctors removed Torres from life support early Wednesday with the consent of her husband， Jason Tortes， after she received the final sacrament （圣礼） of the RomanCatholic Church. "We thank all of those who prayed and provided support for Susan, the baby and our family," Jason Torres said in a statement. "We especially thank God for giving us little Susan. My wife’s courage will never be forgotten."English-language medical literature contains at least 11 cases since 1979 ofirreversibly brain-damaged women whose lives were prolonged for the benefit of thedeveloping foetus, according to the University of Connecticut Health Center. Dr Christopher McManus, who coordinated care 1"or Susan Torres, put the infant’s chances of developing cancer at less than 25 per cent. He said 19 women who have had the same aggressive form of melanoma as Tortes have given birth, and five of their babies became ill with the disease. Susan Torres died soon after（）
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第一篇 Is the Tie a Necessity？ Ties, or neckties, have been a symbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries. But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them. Reports suggest that even the civil servants may stop wearing ties. So, are the famously formal British really going to abandon the neckties？Maybe. Last week, the UK’s Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a tieless era. He hinted that civil servants would soon be tree of the costliest 12 inches of fabric that most men ever buy in their lives. In fact， Blair showed this attitude when he had his first guests to a cocktail party. Many of them were celebrities （知名人士） without ties， which would have been unimaginable even in the recent past.For some more conservative British, the tie is a must for proper appearance. Earlier, Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than have his children seen in public without a tie. For people like Callaghan, the tile was a sign of being complete, of showing respect. Men were supposed to wear a tie when going to church, to work in the office, to a party - almost every social occasion.But today, people have begun to accept a casual style even for formal occasions. The origin of the tie is tricky. It started as something called simply a "band". The term could mean anything around a man’s neck. It appeared in finer ways in the 1630s. Frenchmen showed a love of this particular fashion statement. Their neckwear （颈饰）impressed Charles II， the king of England who was exiled（流放）to France at that time. When he returned to England in 1660， he brought this new fashion item along with him.It wasn’t, however, until the late 18th century that fancy young men introduced a more colorful, flowing piece of cloth that eventually became known as the tie. Then, clubs military institutions and schools began to use colored and patterned ties to indicate the wearer’s membership in the late 19th century. After that, the tie became a necessary item of clothing for British gentlemen. But now, even gentlemen are getting tired of ties. Anyway, the day feels a bit easier when you wake up without having to decide which tie suits you and your mood. Who brought the Frenchmen’s neckwear to Britain（）
55（）
看管定额是指对操作者在同一时间内照管机器设备的台数或工作岗位数所规定的限额。
Passage Three Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the countrys impressive population growth. For every three Canadians in 1945, there were over five in 1966. In September 1966 Canadas population passed the 20 million mark. Most of this surging growth came from natural increase. The depression of the 1930s and the war had held back marriages, and the catchingup process began after 1945. The baby boom(出生高峰期)continued through the decade of the 1950s, producing a population increase of nearly fifteen percent in the five years from 1951 to 1956. This rate of increase had been exceeded only once before in Canadas history, in the decade before 1911, when the prairies were being settled. Undoubtedly, the good economic conditions of the 1950s supported a growth in the population, but the expansion was also the result of earlier marriages and an increase in the average size of families. In 1957 the Canadian birth rate stood at 28 per thousand, one of the highest in the world. After the peak year of 1957, the birth rate in Canada began to decline. It continued falling until 1966. Partly this decline reflected changes in Canadian society. Young people were staying at school longer; more women were working; young married couples were buying automobiles or houses before starting families; and rising living standards were cutting down the size of families. It appeared that Canada was once more falling into step with the trend toward smaller families that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of the Industrial Revolution. Although the growth in Canadas population had slowed down by 1966, another large population wave was coming over the horizon. It would be composed of the children who were born during the period of the high birth rate prior to 1957. The passage mainly discusses .
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