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Step Back in Time Do you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us One hundred years ago the average woman 1ived to be 45．But now，she Can live until at least 80． One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves better．We know which foods are good for US and what we have to eat to make sure our bodies get all the healthy things they need．We know why we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better again．And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily． But in order that we don’t slip back into bad habits，let’s have a look at what life was like 100 years ago． Families had between 15 and 20 children，athough many babies didn’t live long．Children suffered from lots of diseases，especially rickets(佝偻病)and scurvy(坏血病)，which are both caused by bad diets．This is because many families were very poor and not able to feed their children well． Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept standing up, bending over a piece of string，because there was no room for them to lie down． People didn’t have fridges until the 1920s．They kept fresh food cold by storing it on windowsills(窗台板)，blocks of ice，or even burying it in the garden． Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight lo earn money for their parents．If you had lived 100 years ago，you might well be selling matchsticks(火柴杆)(a job done by many children)or working with your dad by now． People now enjoy longer lives for unknown reasons．（）
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讲chimpanzee黑猩猩的行为研究。 Conclusion of the passage:
第一篇 U．S．Blacks Hard-hit by Cancer Death rates for cancer are falling for all Americans，but black Americans are still more likely to die of cancer than whites，the American Cancer Society said Monday． In a special report on cancer and blacks．the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites．and they are more likely to die of the disease．This could be because of unequal(不平等的)access to medical care，because blacks are more likely to have other diseases as well，and perhaps because of differences in the biology(生物学) of the cancer itself, the report added． “In general，black Americans have less hope of surviving five years after diagnosis than whites for all cancer sites and all stages of diagnosis,”the report said． “In describing cancer statistics for black Americans，this report recognizes that many of the differences associated with race may be caused by unfair social and economic differences and unequal access to medical care．” The cancer society said blacks should be encouraged to get check—ups(体格检查)earlier, when cancer is more treatable，and it said more research is needed to see if biological differences play a role． “The new statistics emphasize the continuing importance of wiping out these unfair social differences through public policy and education efforts，”the organization said in a statement． But it also noted a drop in cancer death rates．“Cancer death rates in both sexes for all sites combined have dropped greatly among black Americans since 1992，as have incidence rates(发生率)，”said the report． Public policy and education efforts may help to do away with（）
All of US have felt pain．We have cut ourselves．We have been burned．Or we have had headaches．Some of us suffer pain rarely pain rarely. ___________ (46) Pain can take complete control of our body and mind，making it impossible to move and even to think．Yet we need pain．Without it，we would not know．1f we have hurt ourselves．It is our body’s warning system. ___________ (47) Pain is the most common reason we go to a doctor It is the most common reason we take medicines．Until recently，however, most doctors knew of only a few drugs that stopped some pains ___________ (48)But new knowledge about the process of pain is helping them to control pain better． Scientists have learned that the sense of pain is made up of both chemical and electrical signals. ___________ (49)Scientists also have learned that the nervous system sends two different kinds of pain messages to the brain：one very fast，the other slow．The first message is the warning signal．It moves at a speed of 30 meters a second．In less than a second，the brain understands that part of the body is hurt and how badly it is injured． ___________ (50)It tells us not to use the injured part until it heals． 47（）
第二篇 A Desert Between Paul and Clara Paul had long promised to marry Clara．But at thirtythee he met and married Alice．Clara was driven mad． Paul was taken to court．The judge ordered him to pay Clara$600 because of the broken promise．Paul had to borrow the money from a moneylender．He agreed to pay back$5 a month—for twenty years．His wages at the time were$16 a month． Paul and Alice were poor but not unhappy．They had little enough food，certainly，even before the children began to arrive．Each month Paul paid$5 to the moneylender．He worked hard, never taking a holiday．In time，there were seven mouths to feed． Illness was always with them．It grew serious when the oldest child was eight．The years of hunger weakened the family, because each month Paul paid$5．The details of the sickness were ugly, but the result was this：after twelve years of family life，Paul was alone in the world. He lived alone．except for memories．Work was not now a god for him：it was a pain-killer．Each month he paid，and in time the twenty years ended．From that moment his wages were his own． One day, It was a holiday went to the seaside．He sat down on a seat by the sea．A middle．aged woman came and sat down near him．They recognized each other at once. The woman said．“The$600 has been in the bank since the day it was paid to me．It is now $6，000，and I have kept it for you．Will you let me share it with you” “No，”said Paul，gently．“Each thousand is a lost life in a desert between us. It can never bring any happiness．” When Paul met Clara again 20 years later, he decided（）
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