题目内容
Passage Three Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full-time job. The two people willingly act as part-time workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time worker. If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 per cent of the job’s wages, its holidays and its other benefits. Of course, some job sharers take a smaller or larger share of the responsibilities of the position, receiving a lesser or greater share of the benefits. Job sharing differs from conventional part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment. Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more position to the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather, is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities. As would be expected, women constitute the bulk of job shares. A survey carried out in 1988 by Britain’s Equal Opportunities Commission revealed that 78 per cent of shares were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age. Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these women were re-entering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to seek part-time work because it would have meant lower status. Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work after a long absence. The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position jobs. However, to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position. Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones. In sum, for a position to be job-shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals. Job sharing is popular with young mothers mainly because _____.
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Passage Four Americans have a great love for informality and nowhere is this better expressed than in their love for nicknames （昵称、绰号）.Upon greeting strangers for the first time they will quickly introduce themselves by their nickname. These are shortened forms of their given name at birth and reflect the casual relationships which exist among friends and coworkers. Family names are hardly ever used in daily situations and the use of one’s father’s last name is saved only for rare and formal occasions. In many traditional cultures the use of the family name is seen as a sign of respect. For Americans, however, it’s the nickname which creates an immediate intimacy between two people upon which to build a relationship. By speaking to another on a first name basis and using his nickname, walls are immediately torn down and equality between two people is established. At work bosses will refer to their employees by their nicknames. Should an employer use a worker’s family name, you can be sure that some kind of correction or serious business will follow. This love for nicknames can create a sense of closeness between people who are otherwise not related. Even the presidents of the United States have borne nicknames. Abraham Lincoln was known as Honest Abe John F.Kennedy was known as Jack or JFK and William Clinton has no reservations in letting people know he prefers to be called Bill, but those who look upon him with disfavor may call him Slick Willy. Not only people but cities often carry their own nicknames, Chicago is called the “Windy City” because of the strong winds which come down from Canada throughout the year. New York City is considered the “Big Apple” for reasons which are still obscure to most people including many New Yorkers. Not every nickname, however, is positive and some can be rather rude and insulting. If someone should demonstrate a certain negative characteristic, a label will soon be attached to describe that person in an unpleasant way. Likewise a person’s physical traits which are very dominant may lead to nicknames but not necessarily to one’s liking or choice. A nickname, therefore, is a way of identifying or describing someone or something for better or worse. Americans tend to use others’ family names ____.
根据下列材料回答116—120题： 以下是反映我国人才资源现状的一些数据：在高层次人才方面，两院院士由刚建院的233人和96人，发展到2003年的688人和663人。在教育科技人才方面，2003年中国科技人员总数达320多万人，比1993年增长近1/3。从我国专业技术人才队伍的学历来看，从1999年到2003年本科人才的比例由18．1％上升到24．2％。从全国的国有企事业单位专业技术人员的变动来看，1990年国有企事业单位总人数为9443万人，到2003年降到5575万人，但是，专业技术人员总数却由1080．9万人增长到2174万人。以平均每万名职工中拥有专业技术人员的比例来看，1990年为1144．7人，到2003年增为3899．5人。 在全国29个专业技术系列中。高级职称以上的高层次人才总计为157．3万人，仅占人才总量的5．5％。 目前，我国企业专业技术人员比例偏低，仅占35％，远低于美、英的80．8％和61．4％。我国高级技工占职工总数的比重仅占5％，西方发达国家这一比例超过35％。 到2003年．我国两院院士人数已经相当于建院初期的：
“宇宙论”与“本体论”
(一)某土地估价师接到一项业务，委托方A公司要求就一宗土地补偿问题提出一个价格咨询意见，价格基准日确定在2008年6月30日。下面是估价师与委托方交谈并到现场调查的记录要点，阅读后回答相关问题。 (1)A公司是一家国营公司，主要从事纺织品贸易，规模中等。 (2)委托估价的土地是A公司于1999年2月与B村委会签订协议取得的，面积共17亩，原计划兴建办公楼及宿舍，在签订协议时土地临近一条普通马路，周边为农地，距县城约1千米左右。 (3)与农民协商过程顺利，签订协议后修建围墙将土地圈起来但没有实质性使用。 (4) 2001年5月，当地国土资源局查知，认为未经过批准属于违法用地，要求A公司补办土地征用手续，加上前期支付B村的费用，A公司累计支出征地费用100万元，向政府交纳17亩土地的出让金及处罚金各为20万元。 (5) 2002年2月，因修建环城道路和绿化带，县政府占用其中4亩土地，所占土地为带状，位于其东侧边缘，现已完成环城道路和绿化建设。 (6)与此同时，该县设置开发区，将A公司所占剩余的13亩土地纳入开发区内，A公司领取了国有土地使用证。 (7)目前开发区已经完成统一规划和建设，基础设施完善，为“六通一平”，并陆续有一些企业购买土地，其中，A公司北侧土地为寰宇电器公司所有，西侧土地为天天食品服务公司所有，南侧土地为时代医药公司所有，由于修建开发区内部道路占用了A公司1亩的土地。 (8)委托方提供了土地使用证书，但在土地证书中来看到关于土地使用年限说明，也没有能够提供政府核发的划拨土地决定书、建设用地许可证。委托方还提供了县国土资源局2002年5月为A公司补开的出让金收据，但没有补签的土地出让合同书。2002年5月，开发区曾经要求A公司交纳12亩土地共48万元的基础设施费，但没有落实。 (9)现场看见，土地东侧已经建设1栋办公楼，使用了5亩土地，建设时间为2002年4月;12亩地重新修建了通透式围墙，北侧与寰宇公司通过围墙隔开。土地交通条件很好，西边为兴城路，是开发区内的一条主要马路，南侧为原来道路改造的通城路，可以直达县城中心区，并且有第8路和第11路公交车站。 (10)委托方提供了2003年3月该县规划局将剩余的7亩土地用途确定为工业(原建设的办公楼也视为工业配套办公楼，地块容积率与开发区整体容积率一致)的通知书，以及2003年8月县政府以开发区邮局建设公共目的收回剩余的7亩土地的通知书，通知以划拨用地进行补偿;A公司同意土地收回但要求按照出让土地补偿，并要求补偿为绿化用地和道路用地支付的出让金。 (11)调查时，该开发区工业地价市场平均价为每亩16万元，土地出让金比2001年增长了20%，基础设施费比2002年增长了10%。 问题(每小题4分) 请根据记录要点中给定的工业地价市场平均价资料，列出 7亩出让土地实际能够得到的补偿和要求返还的土地出让金总额及计算过程。
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