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案例分析题Set 5President Hoover’s Politics During the Great DepressionAt first everything seemed fine and dandy. America was enjoying one of the biggest economic surges in the nation’s history. However, even though America benefited from the economic boom of the so called "Roaring Twenties", the imbalance between the rich and the poor combined with the production of more and more goods and rising personal debt caused one of the biggest recessions in history. On Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, the stock market crashed, triggering the Great Depression, which was the worst economic collapse in the history of the modem, industrial world. It spread from the United States and rippled out to the rest of the world, with banks failing and businesses going bust for over a span of a decade, leaving more than a quarter of the working force in America without jobs.President Herbert Hoover, underestimating the seriousness of the crisis, called it "a passing incident in our national lives," and assured Americans that it would be over within two months. Hoover did not think that the federal government should offer relief to the poverty-stricken population because he firmly believed in individualism. Focusing on economic programs to help finance businesses and banks, Hoover met with resistance from business executives who preferred to lay off workers. Blamed by many for the Great Depression, Hoover was widely ridiculed.Hoover’s economy was put to the test with the onset of the Great Depression in 1929. It was his vocal stance on non-intervention that led to Democratic criticism that Hoover was a "sitting duck" president; on the other hand, his more pro-free market opponents also denied he was a laissez-faire president and condemned him for being an interventionist. Hoover tried to restore confidence with a series of speeches but his weak speaking style hampered these efforts. The biggest problem was that his predictions of an upturn just around the comer never materialized. His promises were not delivered and he lost a lot of the public’s confidence.Together, the government and businesses actually spent more in the first half of 1930 than the previous year; yet frightened consumers cut back their expenditures by ten percent. A severe drought ravaged the agricultural heartland beginning in the summer of 1930, while foreign banks declared bankruptcy, draining U.S. wealth and destroying world trade. The combination of these factors caused a downward spiral: as earning fell, domestic banks collapsed, and mortgages were called in. Hoover’s hold-the- line policy in wages lasted little more than a year. Unemployment soared from five million in 1930 to over eleven million in 1931, causing this sharp recession to become the Great Depression.In 1930, Hoover reluctantly signed the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, which raised tariffs on over 20,000 dutiable items. The Tariff, combined with the 1932 Revenue Act, which hiked taxes and fees across the board, is often blamed for deepening the economic depression, and is considered by some to be Hoover’s biggest political mistakes. Moreover, the Federal Reserve System’s tightening of the money supply is also regarded by most modem economists as a mistaken tactic, under the circumstances.In order to cover the expenses of these government programs, Hoover agreed to one of the largest tax increases in American history.The Revenue Act of 1932 raised taxes on the highest incomes from 25% to 63%, while the estate tax was doubled, and corporate taxes were raised by almost 15%.Also, a "check tax" was included that placed a 2-cent tax on all bank checks. During the 1932 elections, Hoover’s opponents blasted the Republican incumbent for spending and taxing too much, increasing national debt, raising tariffs, and blocking trade, as well as placing millions on the dole of the government.Roosevelt attacked Hoover for "reckless and extravagant" spending, and of leading "the greatest spending administration in peacetime in all of history."Unemployment rose to 24.9% by the end of Hoover’s presidency in 1933, a year that is considered to be the depth of the Great Depression. According to the paragraph 5, all of the following is blamed for deepening the economic depression EXCEPT().

A. increasing tariffs on dutiable items.
B. the Rue Act, which raised taxes.
C. tighten of the money supply.
D. President Hoover’s continued political mistakes.

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Set 5 History LectureNarratorListen to the lecture in business class{$mediaurl} Why did the professor say this().

A. The company had a long history before it changed the name into "Nike".
B. Nike won’t change the trademark logo.
C. Bowerman and Knight borrowed name from Greek Goddess in belief that Greek gods would help them succeed.
D. If Michael Jordan didn’t endorse Nike’s shoes, Nike wouldn’t be a household name for ever.

案例分析题Reading Section DirectionsIn this section you will read five passages and answer reading comprehension questions about each passage. Most questions are worth one point, but the last question in each set is worth more than one point. The directions indicate how many points you may receive.You will have 60 minutes to read all of the passages and answer the questions. Some passages include a word or phrase that is underlined in blue. Click on the word or phrase to see a definition or an explanation.When you want to move on to the next question, click on Next. You can skip questions and go back to them later as long as there is time remaining. If you want to return to previous questions, click on Back. You can click on Review at any time and the review screen will show you which question you have answered and which you have not. From this review screen, you may go directly to any question you have already seen in the reading section.When you are ready to continue, click on the Continue icon.Set 1Science Fiction Not Any MoreScience fiction has often been the source of inspiration for new technologies. The exoskeletons and head-mounted displays featured in the film "Aliens", for example, spawned a number of militaryfunded projects to try to create similar technologies. Automatic sliding doors might never have become popular had they not appeared on the television series "Star Trek". And the popularity of flip-top or "clamshell" mobile phones may stem from the desire to look like Captain Kirk flipping open his communicator on the same program.Now it seems that "Star Trek" has done it again. This month, American soldiers in Iraq will begin trials of a device inspired by the "comm badge" featured in "Star Trek: The Next Generation". Like crew members of the starship Enterprise, soldiers will be able to talk to other members of their unit just by tapping and then speaking into a small badge worn on the chest. What sets the comm badge apart from a mere walkie-talkie, and appeals to "Star Trek" fans, is the system’s apparent intelligence. It works out who you are calling from spoken commands, and connects you instantly.The system, developed by Vocera Communications of Cupertino, California, uses a combination of Wi-Fi wireless networking and Voice-overInternet Protocol (VoIP) technologies to link up the badges via a central server, akin to a switchboard. The badges are already being used in 80 large institutions, most of them hospitals, to replace overhead paging systems, says Brent Lang, Vocera’s vice-president.Like its science-fiction counterpart, the badge is designed so that all functions can be carded out by pressing a single button. On pressing it, the caller gives a command and specifies the name of a person or group of people, such as "call Dr. Smith" or "locate the nearest anesthesiologist". Voice-recognition software interprets the commands and locates the appropriate person or group, based on whichever Wi-Fi base-station they are closest to. The person receiving the call then hears an audible alert stating the name of the caller and, if he or she wishes to take the call, responds by tapping the badge and starting to speak.That highlights a key difference between the "Star Trek" comm badge and the real-life version:Vocera’s implementation allows people to reject incoming calls, rather than having the voice of the caller patched through automatically.But even the most purist fans can forgive Vocera for deviating from the script in this way, says David Batchelor, an astrophysicist and "Star Trek" enthusiast at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.For there are, he notes, some curious aspects to the behavior of the comm badges in "Star Trek".When the captain of the Enterprise says "Picard to sick-bay: Medical emergency on the bridge", for example, his badge somehow connects him to the sick-bay before he has stated the destination of the call.Allowing badge users to reject incoming calls if they are busy, rather than being connected instantly, was a feature added at the request of customers, says Mr. Lang. But in almost all other respects the badges work just like their fictional counterparts. This is not very surprising, says Lawrence Krauss, an astrophysicist at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, and the author of "The Physics of Star Trek". In science fiction, and particularly in "Star Trek", most problems have technological fixes. Sometimes, it seems, those fixes can be applied to real-world problems too.Vocera’s system is particularly well suited to hospitals, says Christine Tarver, a clinical manager at E1 Camino Hospital in Mountain View, California. It allows clinical staff to reach each other far more quickly than with beepers and overhead pagers. A recent study carried out at St. Agnes Healthcare in Baltimore, Maryland, assessed the amount of time spent by clinical staff trying to get hold of each other, both before and after the installation of the Vocera system. It concluded that the badges would save the staff a total of 3,400 hours each year.Nursing staff often end up playing phone tag with doctors, which wastes valuable time, says Ms Tamer. And although people using the badges sometimes look as though they are talking to themselves, she says, many doctors prefer it because it enables them to deal with queries more efficiently. The system can also forward calls to mobile phones; it can be individually trained to ensure that it understands users with strong accents; and it can even be configured with personalized ring tones.In Iraq, soldiers will use the Vocera badges in conjunction with base-stations mounted on Humvee armored vehicles. Beyond medical and military uses, Vocera hopes to sell the technology to retailers and hotels. And the firm’s engineers are now extending the system to enable the badges to retrieve stored information, such as patient records or information about a particular drag, in response to spoken commands. Their inspiration Yet another "Star Trek" technology: the ship’s talking, ship’s computer. According to the passage, Why is Vocera’s system particularly suitable for hospitals().

A. Improves efficiency.
B. Save money.
C. Improve quality.
D. Is useful.

Set 5 History LectureNarratorListen to the lecture in business class{$mediaurl} Which of following are two key reasons for Nick’s success Click on two answers.()

A Nike is the best brand of athletic footwear and sports clothing.
B. The managers of Nike, Bowerman and Knight are both athletes.
C. The company let Jordan endorse Nile’s shoes.
D. The diligence of the company managers.

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