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It is often difficult for visitors to understand Americans’ lack of desire for privacy. They are not a nation of walled gardens and closed gates. Their gardens usually run into one another without any fences; they often visit one another’s house without being invited or telephoning first; they leave their office doors open while they work.Their lack of desire for privacy probably results from their history as a nation. America is a big country. There have never been walled cities in the United States, nor was there the need for Americans to protect themselves from neighbouring states. During the early years, America had so few settlers that neighbours were very important; they were not to be shut out by doors and fences. Neighbors offered protection and helped with the hard work of settling the land. They depended upon each other.From the nation’s early history has come the desire for openness rather than privacy. Visitors will notice this desire in a number of small ways ; there may be rooms in American homes that do not have doors or that have glass walls. If you notice that people forget to close your door when they leave your room, do not think that this is rude, help them to learn that you would like it to be closed, or else become accustomed to new ways. In either case, be patient with the differences. According to the passage, visitors to America sometimes have trouble understanding（）
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About 150 years ago the children of a poor farmer who lived in South Africa found a pretty pebble (鹅卵石) on the bank of a river. The pebble shone brightly in spots. The children took the pebble home and showed it to their mother. Then they tossed (扔) it aside. The next day a neighbour saw it and offered to buy it. The children and the mother told him that he could have it for nothing. Who ever heard of selling a pebbleThe pebble turned out to be a large diamond. No one had known that there are diamonds in South Africa. Today a large part of all the diamonds in the world come from a region not far from the place where the children found their bright pebble.Diamonds are crystals of carbon. Carbon is a very common material. Coal, for example, is made up mostly of carbon. But the carbon of coal is not in crystal form. Clear crystals of carbon are very rare.The word "diamond" comes from a Greek word meaning "the unconquerable". The diamond got its name because of its hardness. No other material is so bard. It is used in tools for cutting and drilling into very hard substances. Some saws, for example, have tiny diamonds set in the teeth. The children and their mother gave the pebble to their neighbour and asked nothing for it because（）
M: Next word: cafeteria.W: c-a-f-e-t-e-r-i-a. What is Marry doing（）
Do you know how long Mrs. London has（）
Kindergarten students are typically four or five years of age. In class, they are introduced to the alphabet, numbers, and colours; they study their bodies, their families, and their communities; they listen to stories read aloud; they make art projects; and they learn about holidays, plants, animals, and other topics in science and social studies. Some kindergartens also teach introductory reading and mathematical skills. Kindergartens tend to offer children a foundation for the development of social skills, self-confidence, motivation, and the process of learning.The first kindergarten was started by German educator Friedrich Froebel in 1837 in Blankenburg, Prussia (now part of German). Froebel chose the German term kindergarten (children’s garden) because he intended children in his school to grow as freely as flowers in a garden. Froebel’s kindergarten was based on the then idea that children’s play was significant. At the time, almost no children under the age of seven attended school, but Froebel designed his kindergarten for children between the ages of three and seven. The kindergarten became widely admired for its revolutionary teaching methods, and Froebel’s followers soon established other kindergartens based on his educational philosophy.Froebel developed his own ideas about education by combining his belief in scientific observation with his belief in the interconnection of all things. In addition, Froebel was concerned that the spread of industrialization would negatively affect the family, but he believed that kindergartens could increase the status of mothers and children. Froebel’s ideas became increasingly popular in the 1840s, but because kindergartens were associated with liberalism and free-thinking, they were banned by the Prussian government after the failure of the liberal revolution of 1848. In addition, Froebel was concerned that the spread of industrialization would negatively affect the family, but he believed that（）
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