女性,32岁,间歇性吞咽困难5年;消瘦 应首先考虑
A. 食管癌
B. 食管平滑肌瘤
C. 食管良性狭窄
D. 贲门失弛症
E. 食管憩室
I was born in Tuckahoe, Talbot Country, Maryland. I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it. By far the larger part of the slaves knows as little of their age as horses know of theirs, and it is the wish of most masters within my knowledge to keep their slaves thus ignorant. I do not remember having ever met a slave who could tell of his birthday. They seldom come nearer to it than planting-time, harvesting, springtime, or falltime. A lack of information concerning my own was a source of unhappiness to me even during childhood. The white children could tell their ages, I could not tell why I ought to be deprived of the same privilege. I was not allowed to make any inquires of my master concerning it. He considered all such inquires on the part of a slave improper and impertinent. The nearest estimate I can give makes me now between twenty-seven and twenty-eight years of age. I come to this, from hearing my master say, some time during 1835. I was about sventeen years old. My mother was named Harriet Bailey. She was the daughter of Isaac and Betsey Bailey, both colored, and quite dark. My mother was of a darker complexion than either my grandmother or grandfather. My father was a white man. The opinion was also whispered that my master was my father; but of the correctness of this opinion, I know nothing; the means of knowing was withheld from me. My mother and I were separated when I was but an infant--before I knew her as my mother. It is a common custom, in the part of Maryland from which I ran away, to part children from their mothers at a very early age. Frequently, before the child has reached its twelfth month, its mother is taken from it, and hired out on some farm a considerable distance off, and the child is placed under the care of an older woman, too old for field labor. For what this separation is done, I do not know, unless it was to hinder the development of the child’s affection towards its mother. The author was most probably raised
A. by his grandparents.
B. by an old woman slave.
C. with his master’s support.
D. together with other children.
Studies of the effect that makes many of us slumber or feel sleepy during the queen’s speech on Christmas Day have revealed that changes may be required in Britain’s drink drive legislation. Dr James Home, director of the Sleep Research Laboratory at Loughborough University, is investigating post-lunch sleepiness. "We humans are designed to sleep twice a day, once at night and a short nap after lunch, but in this part of the world we tend to repress that." It is a remnant of the same primeval programming that makes all animals in the bush rest in the hot afternoon sun to conserve energy. "Hot environments make it worse and many cultures living near the equator," says Dr Home, "have conceded to the inevitable, where the afternoon siesta is the way of life." In these studies Dr Home has been investigating the role of alcohol. "The theory is that if you are more sleepy after lunch then it figures that alcohol will be more potent after lunch. One would figure then that a pint of beer at lunchtime has more effect than in the evening, when people are more alert. Indeed, we find that it has about twice the effect." This has more sinister implications. "If people take alcohol up to the legal driving limit, their performance is seriously impaired after lunch," he said. It seems that alcohol interacts with the circadian rhythm of sleep to cause afternoon sleepiness, so that one pint at lunch-time is equivalent, in effect, to a quart in the evening. "For this reason, most drivers ought not to drink at all at lunchtime and the legal blood alcohol limit is no guide to safe driving here,”said Dr Horne. For those who wish to enjoy the queen’s speech,Dr Horne recommends mild exercise,a splash of cold air or cold water on the face,or a cup of coffee.Otherwise,take a cat nap.But this should be less than 15 minutes,“otherwise,sleep really sets in and one can wake up feeling very groggy and far sleepier than to be in with.” Most drivers ought not to drink at all at lunch time because
A. alcohol will be less potent after lunch.
B. a pint of beer at lunchtime is equivalent to a quart in the evening,it cause afternoon sleepiness.
C. people are more alert at lunchtime.
D. it is not legal to drink at lunchtim
Increasing numbers of parents in the U.S. are choosing to teach their kids at home. In fact, the U.S. Department of Education estimated that, in 1999, around 850,000 children were being homeschooled. Some educational experts say the real figure is about double this estimate, and the ranks of homeschooled children appear to growing at a rate of about 11 percent annually. At one time, there was a stigma associated with homeschooling. It was traditionally used for students who could not attend school because of behavioral or learning difficulties. Today, however, more parents are taking on the responsibility of educating their children at home due to dissatisfaction with the educational system. Many parents are unhappy about class size, as well as problems inside the classroom. Teacher shortages and lack of funding mean that, in many schools, one teacher is responsible for thirty or forty pupils. The result is often that children are deprived of the attention they need. Escalating classroom violence has also motivated some parents to remove their children from school. Critics of homeschooling say that children who are not in the classroom miss out on learning important social skills because they have little interaction with their peers. Several studies, though, have shown that the home educated appear to do just as well in terms of social and emotional development as other students, having spent more time in the comfort and security of their home, with guidance from parents who care about their welfare. In spite of this, many critics of homeschooling have raised concerns about the ability of parents to teach their kids effectively. Many parents who homeschool have no teacher training and are not competent educators of all the subjects taught in schools. In terms of academic achievement, however, homeschooled children do just as well as those who have been in the classroom and many walk the campuses of Harvard and Stanford alongside the conventionally educated. With an increasing number of disgruntled parents taking their children out of class, schools are receiving less money in per pupil funding. Some see this as a threat to the system, and argue that schools will never be able to improve their situation and restore parents’ confidence in the educational system. Many schools have opened their doors to homeschoolers on a part-time basis, allowing these children to attend classes once or twice a week, or take part in extracurricular activities such as playing football or taking ballet lessons. While parents will not completely put their confidence back into the system, many of them have reached a compromise that allows their children the extra benefits of peer interaction and access to a wider choice of activities. Whatever the arguments for or against it, homeschooling in the U.S. has become a multimillion dollar industry, and it is growing. There are now websites, support groups, and conventions that help parents assert their rights and enable them to learn more about educating their children. Though once the last resort for troubled children, homeschooling today is an accepted alternative to an educational system that some believe is failing. Why have many schools opened their doors to homeschoolers on a part-time basis
A. Because they want to raise money for their school.
B. They hope to refigure their images in the parents’ mind.
C. They hope to provide those home-educated children the extra benefits of peer interaction and access to a wider choice of activities.
D. They did it at the request of parents.