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Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) The term "remote sensing "refers to the techniques of measurement and interpretation of phenomena from a distance. Prior to the mid-1960’s the interpretation of. film image was the primary means for remote sensing of the Earth’s geologic features. With the development of the opt mechanical scanner, scientists began to construct digital multi-spectral images using data beyond the sensitivity range of visible light photography. (46)These lineages are constructed by mechanically aligning pictorial representations of such phenomena as the reflection of light waves outside the visible spectrum, the refraction of radio waves, and the daily changes in temperature in areas on the Earth’s surface. Digital multi-spectral imaging has now be dome, the basic tool in geologic remote sensing from satellites. (47)The advantage of digital over photographic imaging is evident: the resulting numerical data are precisely known and digital data are not subject to the vagaries of difficult-to-control chemical processing. With digital processing, it is possible to combine a large number of spectral images. The acquisition of the first multi-spectral digital data sent from the multi-spectral scanner (MSS) aboard the satellite Land sat in 1972 consequently attracted the attention of the entire geologic community. Land sat MSS data are now being applied to a variety of geologic problems that are difficult to solve by-conventional methods alone. These include specific problems in mineral and energy resource exploration and the charting of glaciers and shallow seas. A more fundamental application of remote sensing is to augment conventional methods for geologic mapping of large are as. Regional maps present compositional, structural, and chronological information for reconstructing geologic evolution. (48)Such reconstructions have important practical applications because the conditions under which rock units and other structural features are formed influence the currency of ore and petroleum deposits and affect the thickness and integrity of the geologic media in which the deposits are found. Geologic maps incorporate a large, varied body of specific field and laboratory measurements, but the maps must be interpretative because field measurements are always limited by rock exposure, accessibility and labor resources. (49)With remote-sensing techniques it is possible to obtain much geologic information more efficiently than it can be obtained on the ground. These techniques also facilitate overall interpretation. Since detailed geologic mapping is generally conducted in small areas, the continuity of regional features that have intermittent and variable expressions is often not recognized, but in the comprehensive views of Land sat images these continuities are apparent. However some critical information Cannot be obtained through remote sensing, and several characteristics of the Land 3at MSS impose limitations on the acquisition of diagnostic data. (50)Some of these limitations can be overcome by designing satellite systems specifically for geologic purposes; but to be most effective, remote-sensing data must still be combined with data from field surveys and laboratory tests, the techniques of the earlier twentieth century. Such reconstructions have important practical applications because the conditions under which rock units and other structural features are formed influence the currency of ore and petroleum deposits and affect the thickness and integrity of the geologic media in which the deposits are found.
Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) China’s entry into the WTO actually represents the result of a three-sided win-win situation--China, the United States and the WTO. China, still a developing country, has a total economic capacity (1) seventh worldwide, and is the 10th largest nation (2) trade worldwide. In the 21st century, China’s economy will greatly (3) the world economy. Without China, the WTO is (4) , and its role greatly (5) Thus, China’s entry into the WTO is ,necessary for the WTO to (6) its universality. (7) the United States, China’ s entry into the WTO will realize the general needs of the development (8) and the mutual interests of Sino-U. S. (9) trade, and will help gradually solve the problem of huge deficits in the U.S. trade with China. As for China, through 13 years of difficult negotiations, China has finally realized its (10) of joining the WTO as a developing country: the bilateral agreement between China and the United States (11) this fundamental principle. China’s entry into the WTO as a developing country is (12) great significance, implying as it does that China will enjoy, according to law, a developing country’s preferential arrangements, protection of and export subsidies for its embryonic industries, as well as elastic stipulations in the tariff system. For example, China will (13) for a six-year period a 25 percent import tax rate for its auto industry; in the agriculture sector, most of markets (wheat, maize, rice, cotton, sugar, and fertilizer) will be franchised by the State so as to ensure the State has (14) means of macroeconomic control, there by (15) farmers’ interests; and the banking sector will gradually open during a transitional period. Moreover, in some sectors, the markets will still remain closed, or, at least, the ’opening of these markets has to be specifically (16) by the Chinese government. Only developing countries have the right to enjoy the above-mentioned buffer opportunities. The Sino-U. S. agreement further contains no (17) prohibiting China from adopting WTO exceptional clauses; instead, China can adopt exceptional clauses which are exclusively (18) to developing countries. This objectively recognizes that China enjoys status of a developing country and means that China can adopt such exceptional clauses as protection of its infant industries. Should its domestic markets be seriously affected or harmed by external factors China can adopt temporary measures to compensate. In short, China’s (19) to the WTO as a developing country ensures that China’s obligations to the WTO are (20) with its current development level, thus greatly reducing the negative effects to China’s industries resulting from its entry into the WTO. Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.14（）
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 More than two centuries after Benjamin Franklin used one to study lightning, a team of atmospheric scientists has found that kites are a potent research tool for studying air conditions at high altitudes. Ben Balsley and John Briks at the University of Colorado have developed a kite and instrument package to sample the atmosphere up to 3.5 kilometers high, for up to two days at a time. The kite is cheaper and more flexible than balloons and aircraft, the traditional vehicles for atmospheric research. Within two years the team expects to fly kites up to 10 kilometers high, and Briks hopes to use these to measure carbon dioxide and methane emissions over the Brazilian rainforest and the transport of air pollutants over the Atlantic Ocean. The kite is a 15-square-meter Para foil made of Mylar, which ’is not only strong, but unlike nylon, Joes not absorb water. The kite "string" is made of Kevlar, famous for its use in bullet-proof vests, which is so strong that 6 kilometers of it weighs just 18 kilograms, yet can withstand a loading of 430 kilograms. The most innovative component of the system is the TRAM, or Tethered Rover for Atmospheric Measurements, which can move the sampling instruments ’up and down the tether while the kite maintains a constant altitude. "Our instruments measure such things as temperature, pressure, humidity, and concentrations of ozone and other air pollutants," Beasley explains. "We need to get continuous measurements, over the course of days, from various altitudes. Conventional free balloon methods can sample such parameters, but they cannot stay in any one position, and are limited to altitudes of two kilometers. Aircraft can sample at any altitude, but they are very expensive to operate, and cannot remain in one position for more than four hours." The TRAM, which is actually a kite-like aerofoil connected by small wheels to the kite’s tether, can be operated from the ground. It will move up and down the tether, or maintain a given altitude while the instruments sample the air. "An important cost of balloon sampling is the instrument package ,which typically costs about $1000, and is always lost." Basely says "Now we can use the instruments on the TRAM, and not only get more data, but reuse it again and again," The TRAM with its instruments, including the radiotelemetry link to the scientists on the ground, weighs 6 kilograms, including batteries that can power it for two days. Basely and his colleagues are continuing to improve the kite and TRMA, and expand its capacities, but Basely notes that it does have its limitations: "The kite can only lift about 10 kilograms, and this means the equipment’ s power requirements must be low, too. We need locations with steady, relatively strong winds, and must also avoid air traffic." "Mylar" in line 1 of the third paragraph is （）
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