[A] Convenient packaging[B] Health and wellness[C] Skeptical customers[D] Enormous markets[E] Soaring sales[F] Trendy drinkIn the last 40 years the bottled water industry has gone from a business prospect that few took seriously, to a global industry worth billions of pounds. The commodity itself remains simple. The way we think about it has changed fundamentally. Water is natural, pure and sourced at minimal cost. Its real value lies in its marketing and branding. "I think bottled water is the most revealing substance for showing us how the global capitalist market works today," says Richard Wilk, professor of anthropology at Indiana University. "In a sense we’re buying choice, we’re buying freedom. That’s the only thing that can explain why you would pay money for a bottle of something that you can otherwise get for free. "41. ______Through a confection of advertising and marketing, bottled water has become one of the biggest success stories in the modern food and beverage industry. "The demand for bottle water has grown exponentially in the last few decades," says Dr. Peter Gleick, author of Bottled and Sold. "It’s doubled, it’s doubled again and it’s doubled again. And the bottle water companies see enormous markets not just in the rich countries but also in the poorer countries. "No actual varietySome people think that bottled water is the high point of global capitalism, particularly the people in the bottled water business. "I think bottled water actually represents a kind of caricature of the global economy. It provides people in the developed world with 20 or 30 varieties of something for which there is no actual variety," says Charles Fishman, author of The Big Thirst.42. ______.At the beginning there really was no variety and the bottled water phenomenon began with one brand. Perrier (佩绿雅,矿泉水品牌) was a triumph of advertising, creating a brand that was to define a generation. At the heart of the campaign to make the brand popular was Richard Wheatley, of the Leo Burnett advertising agency between 1979 and 1994. "Perrier popularised bottled water," he says. "It made it acceptable, more than acceptable, it made it... desirable. " But it was not an instant success. When Perrier UK was looking to increase its sales in the early 1970’s, it faced a skeptical public. Many questioned why anyone would buy water when you could get it free from the tap.43. ______.Faced with obstacles, Perrier turned to advertising with a campaign that was to change our consumer landscape for ever. The campaign was a marketing coup and sales went through the roof from 12 million bottles in 1980 to 152 million by the end of the decade. Perrier was no longer just a bottle of water. The marketing and advertising teams had established a crucial emotional link between the product and the consumers. "Perrier became a badge," says Michael Bellas, chairman of the Beverage Marketing Corporation. "When you held a Perrier bottle up, it said something about yourself, it said you were sophisticated, you understood what was happening in the world. It was a perfect beverage for the young and coming business executives, the trend-setters. "44. ______.In an age of instant gratification, still water in portable bottles provided what people needed, exactly when they needed it. "People in general are more and more time pressed," says Mr. Fishman. "We don’t cook our own meals any more, we eat prepared foods of all kinds. And there’s nothing more appealing than a bottle of cold water at a moment when you’re really thirsty. But I think bottled water is one of those products that on many occasions when people buy it, what they’re buying isn’t the water so much as the bottle. That is the package and the convenience at that moment. "45. ______.When people bought this convenience, what they were really buying was Polyethylene Terephthalate, or PET, the single most important innovation in the industry’s history. Strong, shatterproof and a highly valued form of polyester, PET is a by-product of the oil industry. It is now utilised in the packaging of everything from pharmaceuticals and soap, to ready meals. In years to come, the environmental impact of PET would haunt the industry and raise questions about its very survival, but in the 1990s this was a revolution. According to Mr. Bellas it was behind the subsequent incredible growth of the industry. "Starting with the introduction of the small premium PET waters, the category started to explode," says Mr. Bellas. "The bottled water industry before PET on the list of all beverage categories was number seven. With the advent of PET, water jumped to the number two spot, behind carbonated soft drinks. "By branding and marketing water, bottled water has been transformed from something that many of us took for granted into a product that now makes billions for global multinational companies. 43
在进程运行的过程中,把选择换出页面的算法叫做页面置换算法。其中,选择的被淘汰的页面,将是暂时不使用的或者在最长时间内不再被防问的页面的算法是 (6) ,总是选择淘汰最先进入内存的页面的算法是 (7) ,而选择淘汰在最近一段时间内最久未用的页面的算法是 (8) 。在一个请求分页系统中,假如系统分配给一个作业的物理块数为3,并且此作业的页向走向为2,3,2,1,5,2,4,5,3,2,5,2,则采用FIFO和LRU算法的缺页次数分别是 (9) , (10) 。 (8)处填()。
A. 最近最久未使用置换算法
B. 最佳置换算法
C. 最少使用置换算法
D. 先进先出置换算法
E. 页面缓冲算法
F. Clock置换算法
在UNIX操作系统中,当用户执行如下命令Link("/user/include/myfile.sh","/usr/userwang/youfile.sh")则文件名"/usr/userwang/youfile.sh"存放在()。
A. user目录文件中
B. include目录文件中
C. userwang目录文件中
D. youfile.sh的文件内容中
You really do have to wonder whether a few years from now we’ll look back at the first decade of the 21st century—when food prices spiked, energy prices soared, world population surged, tornados plowed through cities, floods and droughts set records, populations were displaced and governments were threatened by the confluence of it all—and ask ourselves. What were we thinking How did we not panic when the evidence was so obvious that we’d crossed some growth, climate, natural resource and population redlines all at once "The only answer can be denial," argues Paul Gilding, an Australian environmentalist, in a new book called The Great Disruption. "When you are surrounded by something so big that requires you to change everything about the way you think and see the world, then denial is the natural response. But the longer we wait, the bigger the response required." Gilding cites the work of the Global Footprint Network, an alliance of scientists, which calculates how many "planet Earths" we need to sustain our current growth rates. G. F. N. measures how much land and water area we need to produce the resources we consume and absorb our waste, using prevailing technology. On the whole, says G. F. N. , we are currently growing at a rate that is using up the Earth’s resources far faster than they can be sustainably replenished, so we are eating into the future. This is not science fiction. This is what happens when our system of growth and the system of nature hit the wall at once. We are now using so many resources and putting out so much waste into the Earth that we have reached some kind of limit, given current technologies. The economy is going to have to get smaller in terms of physical impact. We will not change systems, though, without a crisis. But don’t worry, we’re getting there. We’re currently caught in two loops: One is that more population growth and more global warming together are pushing up food prices, causing political instability in the Middle East, which leads to higher oil prices, thus to higher food prices and more instability. At the same time, improved productivity means fewer people are needed in every factory to produce more stuff. So if we want to have more jobs, we need more factories. More factories making more stuff make more global warming, and that is where the two loops meet. But Gilding is actually an eco-optimist. As the impact o the imminent Great Disruption hits us, he says, "our response will be proportionally dramatic, mobilizing as we do in war. We will change at a scale and speed we can barely imagine today, completely transforming our economy, including our energy and transport industries, in just a few short decades. " We will realize, he predicts, that the consumer-driven growth model is broken and we have to move to a more happiness-driven growth model, based on people working less and owning less. To correct the situation, Gilding advocates
A. stabilizing the political and economic situation.
B. learning useful lessons from wartime mobilization.
C. keeping economic growth at a sustainable rate.
D. making better use of current technologies.