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Since there is such an abundance of food in the sea, it is understandable that some of the efficient, highly adaptable, warm-blooded mammals that (67) on land should have returned to the sea. Those that (68) have flourished. Within about 50 million years-- (69) time at all, geologically speaking--one of the four kinds of mammals that has (70) to a marine environment has developed into the largest of all animal (71) , the whale. A second kind, the seal, has produced what is probably the greatest population of large carnivorous mammals on Earth. This suggests that these "top dogs" of the ocean are (72) and multiplying. (73) , such has not been the case, at ieast not for the last 150 years. Trouble has closed in (74) these mammals in the form of equally warm-blooded and even more (75) adaptable predators, humans. At sea, (76) on land, humans have now (77) themselves on the top of the whole great pyramid of life, and (78) have caused serious problems for the mammals of the sea, There is a simple (79) for this. (80) mammals have the misfortune to be swimming aggregates of (81) that humans want: fur, oil and meat. Even so, they might not be so (82) to human depredation if they did not, like humans, (83) so slowly. Every year humans (84) more than 50 million tons of fish from the oceans without critically depleting the population of any (85) . But the slowbreeding mammals of the sea have been all but wiped out by humans (86) satisfy their wants and whims.
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Since there is such an abundance of food in the sea, it is understandable that some of the efficient, highly adaptable, warm-blooded mammals that (67) on land should have returned to the sea. Those that (68) have flourished. Within about 50 million years-- (69) time at all, geologically speaking--one of the four kinds of mammals that has (70) to a marine environment has developed into the largest of all animal (71) , the whale. A second kind, the seal, has produced what is probably the greatest population of large carnivorous mammals on Earth. This suggests that these "top dogs" of the ocean are (72) and multiplying. (73) , such has not been the case, at ieast not for the last 150 years. Trouble has closed in (74) these mammals in the form of equally warm-blooded and even more (75) adaptable predators, humans. At sea, (76) on land, humans have now (77) themselves on the top of the whole great pyramid of life, and (78) have caused serious problems for the mammals of the sea, There is a simple (79) for this. (80) mammals have the misfortune to be swimming aggregates of (81) that humans want: fur, oil and meat. Even so, they might not be so (82) to human depredation if they did not, like humans, (83) so slowly. Every year humans (84) more than 50 million tons of fish from the oceans without critically depleting the population of any (85) . But the slowbreeding mammals of the sea have been all but wiped out by humans (86) satisfy their wants and whims.
The Organized Traveller’s Checklist Here’s a step-by-step guide to accomplishing the essentials in the weeks, days, and hours before you leave on vacation.Eight Weeks Ahead · If you’re going out of the country and don’t have all of the documents you need--whether passports or original birth certificates--now is the time to get them. If it looks like the documents may not arrive until the last minute--or even late--show your airline tickets to personnel at the government agencies from which you’re requesting documents. Ask them to put a rush on your application. · If you’re traveling abroad, contact a travel health specialist (your health-care provider may have a travel department, or your doctor may be able to recommend a specialist), or contact your local health department to ask about immunizations and preventive medicines. · When it comes to what to take with you--be it luggage, sports equipment, camping gear, or clothing--now’s the time to assess your needs. You can save shopping time and hassle by buying from catalogs: order now so purchases will arrive before your departure date.Six Weeks Ahead · If you don’t belong to an auto club and are about to use your car on a trip, join a club now so you can take advantage of member benefits. These usually include trip-planning services, maps, guidebooks, discounts at accommodations and attractions, and roadside emergency help. · Join an airline’s frequent-flier program too--it’s free. Make sure the names on your tickets and on membership forms are identical, or you won’t get mileage (英里里程)credit for your flights. Give frequent-flier numbers to your travel agent.Four Weeks Ahead · Airline seats are generally assigned and confirmed 30 days prior to departure, so call now to get your desired seat assignments and to make certain your family is seated together. Another call to make is to a kennel (养狗场) or other facility if you plan to board a pet during vacation. · Buy any home security and automation (自动操作)devices you’ll need. These might include timers for lights and TVs, an alarm system, automatic plant-watering systems, and pet feeders. Figure out how they work now so you won’t be scrambling to set them on the day of departure. · If anyone in your family wears glasses or contacts, order a spare pair today so they’ll be ready by the time you go. At the very least, get an up-to-date prescription so you can take it to a quick-service optical store if glasses are lost or broken. If you need prescriptions or checkups, make those appointments now.Two Weeks Ahead · Write down your doctors’ and. pharmacist’s phone numbers in case you need information on the road. If you’ll be driving your own car, have a reliable mechanic check it from top to bottom. · Plan the route now: Do it yourself with good maps and trip-planning software, or use your automobile club’s trip-planning service. Clubs like the American and Canadian Automobile Associations (AAA and CAA) require two weeks’ notice to provide this service to members. · You will want to carry a moderate amount of cash, as well as traveler’s checks and credit or debit cards. Automated teller machines (ATMs) are handy because you don’t have to take as much cash with you, but check with your bank to see if there will be ATMs where you’re going. Buy the traveler’s checks now, and be sure to keep the records detailing check numbers separate from the checks themselves. · Check camera equipment. Buy fresh batteries and more film than you think you’ll need. Resort-area stores charge premium prices for cameras and film.One Week Ahead · No need to pack yet, but get everything ready. Gather toiletries, medicines, shoes, clothes, first-aid supplies, toys, and activities. Wash clothes and add to the pile. Make a separate pile for carry-on items. · Unless taxis or airport shuttle buses are available in your area, arrange a ride to the airport. You can call a car service or radio taxi, or ask a friend to take you. Arrange for your lawn to be cut, your mail to be held or picked up, and newspaper and milk delivery to be suspended. If you’re expecting deliveries from a parcel service, make arrangements for those too. · If any bills will come due while you’re away, pay them in advance. You can also prepay some bills if you’ll be gone a month or longer. Make arrangements with your utility, telephone, and cable companies, or any others that may tack on late fees or interest if you don’t pay on time. Call your child’s school if it’ll be in session while you’re gone. Give the office your travel dates, and talk to teachers about making up assignments. Also talk about travel-related work your child can do to make up for missing school.48 Hours Ahead · Plan to meet with a friend who will hold on to your house keys and a detailed itinerary with telephone numbers where you can be reached. Also, give the friend a list of the serial numbers for your traveler’s checks, photocopies of airline tickets, and copies of any passports or birth certificate you’re taking along. If you lose these, your friend can fax or send copies to you. · Finish laundry now. You don’t want to be washing clothes at the last minute and worrying about whether everything will be dry enough to pack.The Final 24 Hours · The day before you leave, stay home from work if possible--or at least try to come home early. Sacrificing one vacation day is worth it to reduce stress. · Once you’re packed and organized, order dinner in instead of cooking, and use paper plates so that you won’t have to wash up afterward. Before bed, load packed bags and any camping or sports gear into the car, leaving one bag indoors to hold last-minute items. If someone will be driving you to the airport, set everything by the door.Last-Minute Details · Walk through the house and take care of everything that needs attention. In the kitchen, wash dishes, throw out the coffee filter, unplug appliances, and make sure the oven and stove-top burners are off. Adjust the refrigerator to an energy-saving setting, and toss out perishable foods. Take out the garbage. If you have canceled garbage pickup during your vacation, bring last-minute trash to a neighbor’s house or with you to dump elsewhere. · In the living room and bedrooms, unplug TVs and other devices not on timers. If it’s summer, turn the air conditioning off or to a comfortable setting for pets staying behind. If it’s winter, turn the heat to the lowest temperature that will keep pets warm and prevent pipes from freezing (ask your local utility company for the ideal setting). Close the fireplace flue to save heat and keep out animals. · Turn off the water to the washing machine. Clean pets’ cages and litter boxes; leave care instructions if they’re staying behind and you’ve asked someone to look in on them. Activate control systems for security, lawn watering, and lights. Before leaving, secure windows and doors. What do you do if any bills come due when you are traveling
No one likes bad news, but for some people, no news is worse. People who are mildly neurotic are stressed by uncertainty even more than by bad news, a new study finds. Psychologists have long known that bad news grabs attention, making its recipients take notice, while good news often is given short effect in the brain. Scientists have explained the phenomenon as a survival mechanism of the brain. But researchers at the University of Toronto wanted to learn more about how people respond to uncertainty--a lack of information or information that isn’t well understood. Forty-one young men and women took a test designed to assess how neurotic they were, then were fitted with electrode(电极 ) caps that measured brain activity as they completed certain tasks. As a way of monitoring stress, the investigators tracked neural activity in the anterior cingulate cortex(前扣带皮层), a part of the brain involved in conflict, uncertainty and monitoring errors. The participants later were asked to respond when they thought a second had passed since a symbol had appeared on a computer monitor. After responding, they received feedback on the monitor in the form of a plus sign indicating a job well done, a minus sign indicating improvement was needed, or a question mark with no further explanation. The subjects who had scored higher on the neuroticism scale demonstrated more brain activity in response to uncertain feedback than to negative feedback, the researchers found. In the real world, such a heightened response might occur when an employee is up for a promotion but does not know the outcome, and a highly neurotic individual would respond less intensely to losing the promotion said Jacob Hirsh, a lead author of the paper. The opposite is true for people who are not neurotic, Hirsh added. They are not bothered by uncertainty but are very upset by negative feedback. Richard Sorrentino, a psychologist at the University of Western Ontario who also studies uncertainty, said he had conducted a similar study looking at married women who were ambivalent(有矛盾情绪的)toward their partners and not sure whether they could be trusted. "If they were the type who preferred certainty, they were better off if they didn’t trust their husbands at all than if they were uncertain about whether to trust him," he said. Wives who preferred certainty but who were uncertain about their husbands often suffered severe symptoms, he added, including depression. As to a promotion, people who are not neurotic will ______.
The Organized Traveller’s Checklist Here’s a step-by-step guide to accomplishing the essentials in the weeks, days, and hours before you leave on vacation.Eight Weeks Ahead · If you’re going out of the country and don’t have all of the documents you need--whether passports or original birth certificates--now is the time to get them. If it looks like the documents may not arrive until the last minute--or even late--show your airline tickets to personnel at the government agencies from which you’re requesting documents. Ask them to put a rush on your application. · If you’re traveling abroad, contact a travel health specialist (your health-care provider may have a travel department, or your doctor may be able to recommend a specialist), or contact your local health department to ask about immunizations and preventive medicines. · When it comes to what to take with you--be it luggage, sports equipment, camping gear, or clothing--now’s the time to assess your needs. You can save shopping time and hassle by buying from catalogs: order now so purchases will arrive before your departure date.Six Weeks Ahead · If you don’t belong to an auto club and are about to use your car on a trip, join a club now so you can take advantage of member benefits. These usually include trip-planning services, maps, guidebooks, discounts at accommodations and attractions, and roadside emergency help. · Join an airline’s frequent-flier program too--it’s free. Make sure the names on your tickets and on membership forms are identical, or you won’t get mileage (英里里程)credit for your flights. Give frequent-flier numbers to your travel agent.Four Weeks Ahead · Airline seats are generally assigned and confirmed 30 days prior to departure, so call now to get your desired seat assignments and to make certain your family is seated together. Another call to make is to a kennel (养狗场) or other facility if you plan to board a pet during vacation. · Buy any home security and automation (自动操作)devices you’ll need. These might include timers for lights and TVs, an alarm system, automatic plant-watering systems, and pet feeders. Figure out how they work now so you won’t be scrambling to set them on the day of departure. · If anyone in your family wears glasses or contacts, order a spare pair today so they’ll be ready by the time you go. At the very least, get an up-to-date prescription so you can take it to a quick-service optical store if glasses are lost or broken. If you need prescriptions or checkups, make those appointments now.Two Weeks Ahead · Write down your doctors’ and. pharmacist’s phone numbers in case you need information on the road. If you’ll be driving your own car, have a reliable mechanic check it from top to bottom. · Plan the route now: Do it yourself with good maps and trip-planning software, or use your automobile club’s trip-planning service. Clubs like the American and Canadian Automobile Associations (AAA and CAA) require two weeks’ notice to provide this service to members. · You will want to carry a moderate amount of cash, as well as traveler’s checks and credit or debit cards. Automated teller machines (ATMs) are handy because you don’t have to take as much cash with you, but check with your bank to see if there will be ATMs where you’re going. Buy the traveler’s checks now, and be sure to keep the records detailing check numbers separate from the checks themselves. · Check camera equipment. Buy fresh batteries and more film than you think you’ll need. Resort-area stores charge premium prices for cameras and film.One Week Ahead · No need to pack yet, but get everything ready. Gather toiletries, medicines, shoes, clothes, first-aid supplies, toys, and activities. Wash clothes and add to the pile. Make a separate pile for carry-on items. · Unless taxis or airport shuttle buses are available in your area, arrange a ride to the airport. You can call a car service or radio taxi, or ask a friend to take you. Arrange for your lawn to be cut, your mail to be held or picked up, and newspaper and milk delivery to be suspended. If you’re expecting deliveries from a parcel service, make arrangements for those too. · If any bills will come due while you’re away, pay them in advance. You can also prepay some bills if you’ll be gone a month or longer. Make arrangements with your utility, telephone, and cable companies, or any others that may tack on late fees or interest if you don’t pay on time. Call your child’s school if it’ll be in session while you’re gone. Give the office your travel dates, and talk to teachers about making up assignments. Also talk about travel-related work your child can do to make up for missing school.48 Hours Ahead · Plan to meet with a friend who will hold on to your house keys and a detailed itinerary with telephone numbers where you can be reached. Also, give the friend a list of the serial numbers for your traveler’s checks, photocopies of airline tickets, and copies of any passports or birth certificate you’re taking along. If you lose these, your friend can fax or send copies to you. · Finish laundry now. You don’t want to be washing clothes at the last minute and worrying about whether everything will be dry enough to pack.The Final 24 Hours · The day before you leave, stay home from work if possible--or at least try to come home early. Sacrificing one vacation day is worth it to reduce stress. · Once you’re packed and organized, order dinner in instead of cooking, and use paper plates so that you won’t have to wash up afterward. Before bed, load packed bags and any camping or sports gear into the car, leaving one bag indoors to hold last-minute items. If someone will be driving you to the airport, set everything by the door.Last-Minute Details · Walk through the house and take care of everything that needs attention. In the kitchen, wash dishes, throw out the coffee filter, unplug appliances, and make sure the oven and stove-top burners are off. Adjust the refrigerator to an energy-saving setting, and toss out perishable foods. Take out the garbage. If you have canceled garbage pickup during your vacation, bring last-minute trash to a neighbor’s house or with you to dump elsewhere. · In the living room and bedrooms, unplug TVs and other devices not on timers. If it’s summer, turn the air conditioning off or to a comfortable setting for pets staying behind. If it’s winter, turn the heat to the lowest temperature that will keep pets warm and prevent pipes from freezing (ask your local utility company for the ideal setting). Close the fireplace flue to save heat and keep out animals. · Turn off the water to the washing machine. Clean pets’ cages and litter boxes; leave care instructions if they’re staying behind and you’ve asked someone to look in on them. Activate control systems for security, lawn watering, and lights. Before leaving, secure windows and doors. What do you do if you want to get a desired seat assignment on the airline
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