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The earliest controversies about the relationship between photography and art centered on whether photographer’s fidelity to appearances and dependence on a machine allowed it to be a fine art (1) distinctive from merely a practical art. Throughout the nineteenth century, the defense of photography was identical with the (2) to establish it as a fine art. (3) the charge that photographers was a soulless mechanical duplication of (4) , photographers (5) that it was instead a privileged (6) of seeing, a revolt against commonplace vision, and (7) worthy an art than painting.Ironically, (8) photography is securely established as a fine art, many photographers find it pretentious or (9) to label it as such. Serious photographers are no longer willing to (10) whether photography is not involved with art, (11) to proclaim that their own work is not involved with it. This shows the extent (12) which they simply take for granted the concept of art imposed by the (13) of Modernism: the better the art, the more subversive it is of the traditional aims of art.Photographers’ disclaimers of any interest in making art tell us more about the troubled status of the contemporary (14) of art (15) about whether photography is or is not art. Photography, (16) Pop painting, reassures viewers that art is not hard; photography seems to be more about its subjects than about art.Photography, (17) , has developed all the (18) and self-consciousness of a classic Modernist art. Many professionals privately have begun to worry that the (19) of photography as an activity subversive of the traditional pretensions of art has gone so far that the public will forget that photography is a distinctive and exalted activity-- (20) , an art. Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.14（）
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The earliest controversies about the relationship between photography and art centered on whether photographer’s fidelity to appearances and dependence on a machine allowed it to be a fine art (1) distinctive from merely a practical art. Throughout the nineteenth century, the defense of photography was identical with the (2) to establish it as a fine art. (3) the charge that photographers was a soulless mechanical duplication of (4) , photographers (5) that it was instead a privileged (6) of seeing, a revolt against commonplace vision, and (7) worthy an art than painting.Ironically, (8) photography is securely established as a fine art, many photographers find it pretentious or (9) to label it as such. Serious photographers are no longer willing to (10) whether photography is not involved with art, (11) to proclaim that their own work is not involved with it. This shows the extent (12) which they simply take for granted the concept of art imposed by the (13) of Modernism: the better the art, the more subversive it is of the traditional aims of art.Photographers’ disclaimers of any interest in making art tell us more about the troubled status of the contemporary (14) of art (15) about whether photography is or is not art. Photography, (16) Pop painting, reassures viewers that art is not hard; photography seems to be more about its subjects than about art.Photography, (17) , has developed all the (18) and self-consciousness of a classic Modernist art. Many professionals privately have begun to worry that the (19) of photography as an activity subversive of the traditional pretensions of art has gone so far that the public will forget that photography is a distinctive and exalted activity-- (20) , an art. Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.6（）
Passage Four IN THE GROUNDS OF A REGENCY MANSION Luxury Self-catering Holiday Cottages in the heart of the Devonshire countryside. Individually styled and color coordinated, these cottages, forming a courtyard round the old thatched pump house, offer elegant and spacious accommodation situated in the beautiful grounds of one of the largest privately owned country estates in the West County. Guests have full use of the owner’s private club. Widworthy Court Sports and Leisure Club’s facilities include tennis court, squash court, heated outdoor swimming pool, pool side restaurant, indoor leisure spa complex comprising swimming pool, Jacuzzi, sun, steam room, solarium and bars. Children and pets welcome ENJOY THE DIFFERENCE Please write or telephone for our full color brochure. The Manager, The Estate Office, Bridwell Park Estate Uffculme, Devon EX15 3BU Telephone( 0883 ) 744783 Which of the following is true
案例分析题Every Object Tells a Story凡事皆有戏Everyone has a particular object to which they attach a special meaning or story. Every Object Tells A(1) is a participative website that enables people to explore the stories and meanings behind collections of museum objects.(2) to the site can create their own stories and share their own interpretations and objects online.The project (3) on the art of storytelling and involves four regional museums, in partnership with Channel 4 and Ultralab, a (4) technology research centre at Anglia Polytechnic University. It will be led by the Victoria and Albert Museum. It (5) the personal meanings and histories behind objects to get people to look at them in new ways. It (6) designed to inspire them to create their own stories and share their interpretations and objects of personal significance (7) a growing online community.Video, audio, text and pictures combine on the site to offer an enticing, accessible (8) into the content. Users can choose to browse the hundreds of objects featured, or they can search for (9) particular theme or person. They can decide on the level of information they want on an object, from (10) stories conveyed through text and pictures, to the richer experience offered by accompanying video and audio. They will (11) encouraged to add their own interpretation or object to the collection, by uploading text, images, video or audio (12) the site or by sending text and images from a mobile phone. In so doing, they will be (13) to the website’s content and illustrating how a single object can convey different meanings to different people.The (14) stories and wonderful objects will appeal to a broad audience. The project has specific relevance to all key (15) of the National Curriculum in English and literacy. Outreach sessions in regional partner museums will encourage people to (16) involved in the project locally and a video booth will travel around England, visiting shopping centres, libraries, bus (17) and the like, to enable people to capture their object and story in a short video. This will (18) be uploaded onto the site.In addition to the national and local publicity given to the project, Channel 4 (19) promote the website from a number of its programmes, ensuring a wide appeal and providing an added (20) for people to contribute their content. （13）处填入（）
Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.The tragic impact of the modern city on the human being has killed his sense of aesthetics, the material benefits of an affluent society have diverted his attention from his city and its cultural potentials to the products of science and technology, washing machines, central heating, automatic cookers, television sets, computers and fitted carpets. He is, at the moment, drunk with democracy, well-to-do, a car driver, and has never had it so good.He is reluctant to walk. Statistics reveal that the distance he is prepared to walk from his parking place to his shopping center is very short. (41) __________. Congestion has become the predominant factor in his environment, and statistics suggest that two cars per household system may soon make matters worse.(42) __________. "Putting land to its highest and best use" becomes the principal economic standard in urban growth. This speculative approach and the pressure of increasing population leads to the "vertical" growth of cities with the result that people are forced to adjust themselves to congestion in order to maintain these relatively artificial land values. Paradoxically the remedy for removing congestion is to create more of it.Partial decentralization, or rather, pseudo-decentralization, in the form of large development units away from the traditional town centers, only’ shifts the disease round the anatomy of the town; if it is not combined with the remodeling of the town’s transportation system, it does not cure it. (43) __________.It is within our power to build better cities and revive the civic pride of their citizens, but we shall have to stop operating on the fringe of the problem. We shall have radically to replan them to achieve a rational density of population. We shall have to provide in them what can be called minimum "psychological elbow room." (44) __________. We must collect, in an organized manner, all and complete information about the city or the town, if we want to plan effectively.The principal unit in this process is "IM’ (one man). We must not forget that cities are built by people, and that their form and shape should be subject to the will of the people. (45) __________.The "man-educate’ man, the human, will have to set the target, and using the results obtained by science and his own engineering skill, take upon himself the final shaping of his environment. He will have to use his high moral sense of responsibility to the community and to future generations.[A] New systems of city management may be necessary to cope with the needs of today’s urban populations. Some planners insist that a decentralised decision-making process is fundamental to ensuring that cities work for and not against people.[B] As there are no adequate off-street parking facilities, the cities are littered with kerb parked cars and parking meters rear themselves everywhere.[C] Here the engineering solutions are strongly affected by the necessity for complicated intersections, which in turn, are frustrated by the extravagant cost of land.[D] Scientific methods of data collection and analysis will indicate trends, but they will not direct action. Scientific methods are only an instrument.[E] The convergence of economic growth, population growth and urban expansion offers both great challenges and great potentials for realizing metropolitan sustainability.[F] In the meantime, insult is added to injury by "land value." The value of land results from its use; its income is derived from the service it provides. When its use is intensified, its income and its value increase.[G] One of the ingredients of this will be proper transportation plans. These will have to be an integral part of the overall planning process which in itself is a scientific process where facts are essential. 44
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