Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
At the end of last year, a town called Friendship Heights, in Maryland's Montgomery County, approved America's (and thus the world's) strictest tobacco policy. Town officers courageously banned smoking on all public property, including streets, pavements and public squares. "It's a public health issue", said the mayor, Alfred Muller, who is also a doctor. "We don't have the right to outlaw tobacco, but we're doing what we can within our rights".
This newspaper has expressed disgruntlement with the element of intolerance that is increasingly manifesting itself within America's anti-tobacco movement. It must be said, however, that brave Friendship Heights has discovered an approach that liberals can embrace. Private property is its owners' sanctuary, but the public rules in public spaces. Undeniably, the streets belong to the government; what happens in them, therefore, is the government's business.
On this worthy principle, smoking should be merely the beginning. For example, it is clear that the consumption of fatty foods contributes to heart disease, strokes and other deadly disease. Besides, eating junk makes you fat and ugly. What people do at home is their own affair, but why allows them to abuse the public streets for this gluttony? America's pavements and boardwalks are overridden with persons, many of them overweight, who amble along licking ice cream or gobbling chips. In many cities, hot dogs are spread, quite openly, on the pavement itself. All this should be stopped. Not just in Friendship Heights but in other enlightened districts, it should be illegal to eat anything but low-fat foods in public zones. Because Americans consume too little by way of fruits and vegetables, in time (it is best to move slowly, because people's rights must be respected) streets should become strictly vegetarian.
More can be done. Shrieking newspaper headlines create stress for those who may not wish to view them. People who want to buy and read papers should therefore be required to do so in private. America has long and justly sought to prevent the entanglement of religion with public life. What people do in church or at home is their business. However, praying, sermonizing or wearing religious garb in the streets surely compromises the requirement that the public will not be dragooned into supporting religion.
There is the environment to consider, as well. That people exhale carbon dioxide in public places, thus contributing to global warming, is probably inevitable, and America's politicians would be wise to permit it. But methane, too, is a greenhouse gas, and an odiferous one. Its emission in public places, where it can neither be avoided nor filtered, seems an imposition on both planetary hygiene and human comfort. Breakers of wind, surely, can be required to wait until they can answer their needs in private; and prosecuted when they fail.
Fame, then, to Friendship Heights. Other towns should take note. If they intend to fulfill their responsibilities to the health and welfare of citizens, to public order, and above all to the public streets and parks whose rights the authorities are sworn to uphold, then the way ahead is clear.
Alfred Muller's words imply______.
A. laws do a lot for public health
B. he can't make laws about the tobacco
C. what he has done is benefiting the people
D. the mayor's approval is the important factor in making laws
1999年1月,李某妻子刘某到某商场买了两瓶熏鱼罐头,2000年2月,李某见未过保质期,便起开罐头,发现微微有些异味,也未在意。李某与刘某食用后呕吐,邻居将其送至医院抢救,才脱离危险。2000年3月,经医院化验表明,李某、刘某是食用了变质的罐头而引起食物中毒。李某、刘某二人共花去医疗费2000元,交通费150元,陪床费200元。经技术鉴定查明,该罐头由于添加防腐剂过量而致熏鱼变质产生毒性。2000年4月,李某、刘某二人向法院起诉。商场认为责任应由生产厂家承担,但又不能指明该熏鱼罐头具体生产厂家,也未能说明
A. 不应当承担责任,因为致损的瑕疵并非商场的过错而生
B. 不应当承担责任,因为产品缺陷致损要求赔偿的时效期间为1年,本案中原告起诉时已过时效期间
C. 不应当承担责任,因为进货时商场尽了检验义务,但不能检查出这种隐蔽瑕疵
D. 应当承担责任,因为根据《产品质量法》,产品存在缺陷致人损害的,生产者和销售者承担连带责任