题目内容
In addition to redistributing incomes, inflation may affect the total real income and production of the community. An increase in prices is usually associated with high employment. In moderate inflation, industries are operating efficiently and output is near capacity. There is a great deal of private investment and jobs are plentiful, Such has been the historical pattern. Thus, many business persons and union leaders, in evaluating a little deflation and a little inflation, consider the latter to be the lesser of two evils. In mild inflation, the losses to fixed-income groups are usually less than the gains to the rest of the community. Even workers with relatively fixed wages are often better off because of improved employment opportunities and greater take-home pay, a rise in interest rates on new securities may partly compensate for any losses to creditor, and increases in pension benefits may partly make up losses to retirees.
In deflation, on the other hand, the growing unemployment of labor and capital causes the community's total well-being to be less; so in a sense, the gainers get less than the losers lose. As a matter of fact, in a depression, or a time of severe deflation, almost everyone suffers, including the creditor who is left with uncollectable debts.
For these reasons as increase in consumption of investment spending is considered good in times 'of unemployment, even if this tends to increase prices slightly. When the economic system is suffering from severe depression, few people will criticize private' or public spending on the ground that this might be inflationary. Actually, most of this increased spending will increase production and create jobs. Once, lull employment and full plant capacity have been reached, however, any further increases in spending are likely to be completely wasted in price increase.
"Historical patterns "mentioned in the passage means that in mild inflation ______.
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Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the
Americans are suffering from a serious sleep【B1】______ while also cutting back on【B2】______ activities as they spend more time at work. A world that "never goes to sleep" offers many diverse activities, but【B3】______ unhealthy and sometimes anti-social【B4】______ for America's adults. Instead of working to live, they are living to work, a shift that has had a【B5】______ impact on their personal lives. Adults report spending less time sleeping, engaged in social and leisure activities. Most Americans say they suffer from sleep problems and when they go to sleep, many sleep alone even if they are married. These are some of the key findings in the National Sleep Foundation's 2001 "sleep in America" poll, which looks at the【B6】______ .between Americans' lifestyles, sleep habits and sleep problems. Sleep【B7】______ continues to be widespread in America. According to the NSF poll, 63% of American adults do not get the【B8】______ eight hours of sleep needed for good health, safety, and optimum performance.【B9】______ .The poll shows good news and had news. The good news is that many Americans say they don't want to give up any more sleep in spite of their hectic lives.【B10】______ . The bad news is fat too many adults still sacrifice sleep, which is unhealthy and counter-productive. Is getting less sleep a trend in developed society？【B11】______ . Let's open up the phone lines at 54389282. And we have our first caller now. Please go ahead...
【B1】
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Mounting evidence has led astronomers to just such an improbable conclusion, at least 90 percent and possibly 99 percent of all matter in the universe is completely invisible. Astronomers call this invisible stuff dark matter.
An astronomer first reported the invisible matter after noting some unusual behavior. in visible matter. In 1993, Swiss astrophysicist Fritz Zwicky observed that galaxies in a cluster of galaxies travelled at higher speeds than expected. He concluded that something was causing strange gravitational effects on these galaxies.
Galaxies are like vast islands in deep space containing billions of stars that are held together by the force of gravity. Some galaxies are part of larger systems called clusters, which contain many galaxies. Most galaxies, however, belong to smaller systems called groups. Groups and clusters in turn form. even larger structures known as superclusters. Just as the force of gravity keeps stars together in galaxies, so the force of gravity appears to keep galaxies together in clusters.
This same force of gravity keeps planets orbiting around the sun, rather than flying off into space. How great a force gravity exerts depends on the mass of the objects attracted and the distance between them, a principle discovered by Newton. The amount of mass and the distance between objects also determine how fast the objects travel as they orbit each other. For example, in our solar system, the sun is the most massive object, making up about 99.9 percent of the mass of the solar system, and the force of its gravity keeps Earth and the other planets in orbit around it. The orbital speeds of the planets decline with increasing distance from the sun. The planet nearest to the sun, Mercury, travels at an orbital speed of 48 kilometers per second, while the distant planet Pluto orbits at speed of 4.7 kilometers per second.
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？
A．You must join a football team to learn a language.B．Language learning is somewhat li
A．It is from second-hand information.B．It is gathered from other sources than from its
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