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The top U.S. and NATO military commander in Afghanistan says NATO, Afghan and Pakistani forces will conduct more coordinated operations against Taliban insurgents on both sides of the AfghanPakistani border. In an interview with the Associated Press on Saturday, General David Petraeus says forces in Afghanistan and Pakistan have operated in very close coordination in the past two months. He said security forces of both countries will have more opportunities to coordinate as earlier gains are solidified. The Associated Press says it spoke with the general on Christmas Day as he flew around Afghanistan greeting NATO forces, and the general praised Pakistan for its counter-insurgency efforts in the past two years, particularly in the Swat Valley, the North West Frontier and northwestern tribal regions. General David Petraeus is () about the past and the future coordinated operations.
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St. Paul didn’t like it. Moses warned his people against it. Hesiod declared it "mischievous" and "hard to get rid of it," but Oscar Wilde said, "Gossip is charming." "History is merely gossip," he wrote in one of his famous plays. But scandal is gossip made tedious by morality.In times past, under Jewish law, gossipmongers might be fined or flogged. The Puritans put them in stocks or ducking stools, but no punishment seemed to have the desired effect of preventing gossip, which has continued uninterrupted across the back fences of the centuries.Today, however, the much-maligned human foible is being looked at in a different light. Psychologists, sociologists, philosophers, even evolutionary biologists are concluding that gossip may not be so bad after all.Gossip is "an intrinsic valuable activity," philosophy professor Aaron Ben-Zee states in a book he has edited, entitled Good Gossip. For one thing, gossip helps us acquire information that we need to know that doesn’t come through ordinary channels, such as: "What was the real reason so-and-so was fired from the office" Gossip also is a form of social bonding, Dr. Ben-Zee says. It is "a kind of sharing" that also "satisfies the tribal need—namely, the need to belong to and be accepted by a unique group." What’s more, the professor notes, "Gossip is enjoyable."Another gossip groupie, Dr. Ronald De Sousa, a professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto, describes gossip basically as a form of indiscretion and a "saintly virtue", by which he means that the knowledge spread by gossip will usually end up being slightly beneficial. "It seems likely that a world in which all information were universally available would be preferable to a world where immense power resides in the control of secrets," he writes.Still, everybody knows that gossip can have its ill effects, especially on the poor wretch being gossiped about. And people should refrain from certain kinds of gossip that might be harmful, even though the ducking stool is long out of fashion.By the way, there is also an interesting strain of gossip called medical gossip, which in its best form, according to researchers Jerry M. Sols and Franklin Goodwin, can motivate people with symptoms of serious illness, but who are unaware of it, to seek medical help.So go ahead and gossip. But remember, if (as often is the case among gossipers) you should suddenly become one of the gossipers instead, it is best to employ the foolproof defense recommended by Plato, who may have learned the lesson from Socrates, who as you know was the victim of gossip spread that he was corrupting the youth of Athens: When men speak ill of thee, so live that nobody will believe them. Or, as Will Rogers said, "Live so that you wouldn’t be ashamed to sell the family parrot to the town gossip.\ The ideas of St. Paul, Moses and Hesiod are immediately followed by that of Wilde, implying that().
INTERVIEWER: Over the years, you have all kinds of people you are dealing with, I guess, but, is it—in the main—hardened criminals BROWN: In a community of this size, those who are accused of crime vary a great deal from those who may be accused of crime in the metropolitan area.INTERVIEWER: Uh-uh.BROWN: During the past twenty years, I think we’ve had only two, possibly three, who have been charged with murder, for example. And those have occurred under circumstances that perhaps are a little different than you’d find in the large areas. In other words, we don’t have Mafia type of organizations here. It’s just an individual who finder some force of circumstances has committed perhaps any kind of a crime. And there are probably more burglaries committed in these areas than, perhaps, any other one form of crime.INTERVIEWER: What sort of people burglarizeBROWN: I would say the largest percentage of those who have committed burglaries in these areas are young people. Many of them are committed by young people who want to get a case of beer, or a few cartons of cigarettes, or some food and things of this kind not serious burglary. Now we’ve had a number of... we’ve had two or three bank robberies in this area, and those have heen committed by individuals who have had some record in the past.INTERVIEWER: Uh-mm.BROWN: Now we get a certain percentage, of course, of criminals who are recidivous, and they’ve been caught for committing another offence.INTERVIEWER: This is... uh...BROWN: That type of individual. I think ... uh... uh... we have great difficulty in dealing with. Many times when a child comes into Juvenile Court, he’s had trouble with his parents He can’t communicate with his parents. His parents are almost ready to shove him out—and sometimes, they have shoved them out. I’ve been convinced over many, many years that there are some people, probably, who should never have children. They’re simply not equipped emotionally, or educatfonally, or otherwise, to have children. Really, they... they don’t know how to raise children, and they produce some pretty poor products.INTERVIEWER: And you realize, possibly, that the parties you should be dealing with are the parents... really, more than the children.BROWN: You do try to deal with, of course, these parents. Sometimes, rather unsuccessfully. Some of them are very hostile not only toward the children—they’re hostile toward the court, to the system. And I think probably the saddest cases in all the system are found in juvenile courts. Because here there are youngsters who have not reached the age of discretion or good judgment, who haven’t been able to meet the problems of life as they have come to them. So, we talk to them about all of these things. I do, at least, talk to them about their problems and about their families and I have always left the door wide open for youngsters to come in to see me personally if they haven’t been able to get along.INTERVIEWER: What do you do if you have a parent hostile toward the court Are there any legal recourses there Isn’t there a legal responsibility the parent has...BROWN: Yes, indeed there are. The parents have a responsibility, of course, to support and take care of their children. If we find that the child is being damaged by remaining in the home—and this does happen—if he’s damaged remaining in the home, the parents— we’ve had child-abuse cases. Of course, we can take the child out of the home. We don’t dissolve the parental relationship. We take the child out. of the home and put him in a foster home. The hope is always to get them back with their parents as soon as we can.INTERVIEWER: Could even be worse, I suppose, in some cases, than the original conditions the fosterBROWN: One of the problems that can be developed is that the child may want to talk about what’s going on. See He may have problems. If he does have, and has no place to go to discuss them—psychologically, this is bad for the child. So, I demanded a list of every child in foster homes under my jurisdiction. And then whenever we placed someone in a foster home, we would fix a date at that time—two months, three months or what have you, later—for a hearing. And the child would be brought in. I’d have a chance to talk to the child.... "How’re things going" "Any problems..." "How’re you being treated... " Find out about him. Because you don’t want these things—You don’t want them to get lost, like a few people have been in mental institutions, you know! INTERVIEWER: Isn’t it a bit difficult to make a decision Are there any times when you’re torn between uh... BROWN: Yes. I think... I think in most cases... if you believe that the most important moment in the life of this person who has been convicted of a crime is when he comes before you for sentencing, then you are going to spend time and thought in determining what is going to be the best not only for society, but for the person himself. Because most of these people are not going to serve a lifetime in. the penitentiary. They’re going to be back out into society sooner or later. Even some convicted murderers have come back out in society. So, you have to think in terms of rehabilitation, hoping that there will be some rehabilitation.INTERVIEWER: Yeah. Why does Brown find it difficult to deal with those recidivous criminals().
The European Union’s Commission on Competition ruled Wednesday that the Microsoft Corporation’ has used its powerful market position illegally. The E-U ordered Microsoft to provide information about its Windows operating system to other software companies. The E-U commission also ordered Microsoft to make a version of Windows without one of the company’s own software products. And, it ordered the American software company to pay about six-hundred-million dollars.Microsoft says it will appeal the decision to the European Court of First Instance in Luxembourg.Microsoft is the world’s biggest software maker. Software is a set of orders for the parts of a computer. An operating system is a complex set of orders that control the computer, its software and other devices. Microsoft software runs more than ninety percent of all personal computers in the world.The E-U commission ruled about Microsoft’s addition of a media player to its operating system. A media player lets a computer play music and video through the Internet. The commission ordered Microsoft to make a version of Windows without the Microsoft Media Player. Microsoft has said that is not possible. t’s Microsoft’s reaction to the decision made by E. U.()
INTERVIEWER: Over the years, you have all kinds of people you are dealing with, I guess, but, is it—in the main—hardened criminals BROWN: In a community of this size, those who are accused of crime vary a great deal from those who may be accused of crime in the metropolitan area.INTERVIEWER: Uh-uh.BROWN: During the past twenty years, I think we’ve had only two, possibly three, who have been charged with murder, for example. And those have occurred under circumstances that perhaps are a little different than you’d find in the large areas. In other words, we don’t have Mafia type of organizations here. It’s just an individual who finder some force of circumstances has committed perhaps any kind of a crime. And there are probably more burglaries committed in these areas than, perhaps, any other one form of crime.INTERVIEWER: What sort of people burglarizeBROWN: I would say the largest percentage of those who have committed burglaries in these areas are young people. Many of them are committed by young people who want to get a case of beer, or a few cartons of cigarettes, or some food and things of this kind not serious burglary. Now we’ve had a number of... we’ve had two or three bank robberies in this area, and those have heen committed by individuals who have had some record in the past.INTERVIEWER: Uh-mm.BROWN: Now we get a certain percentage, of course, of criminals who are recidivous, and they’ve been caught for committing another offence.INTERVIEWER: This is... uh...BROWN: That type of individual. I think ... uh... uh... we have great difficulty in dealing with. Many times when a child comes into Juvenile Court, he’s had trouble with his parents He can’t communicate with his parents. His parents are almost ready to shove him out—and sometimes, they have shoved them out. I’ve been convinced over many, many years that there are some people, probably, who should never have children. They’re simply not equipped emotionally, or educatfonally, or otherwise, to have children. Really, they... they don’t know how to raise children, and they produce some pretty poor products.INTERVIEWER: And you realize, possibly, that the parties you should be dealing with are the parents... really, more than the children.BROWN: You do try to deal with, of course, these parents. Sometimes, rather unsuccessfully. Some of them are very hostile not only toward the children—they’re hostile toward the court, to the system. And I think probably the saddest cases in all the system are found in juvenile courts. Because here there are youngsters who have not reached the age of discretion or good judgment, who haven’t been able to meet the problems of life as they have come to them. So, we talk to them about all of these things. I do, at least, talk to them about their problems and about their families and I have always left the door wide open for youngsters to come in to see me personally if they haven’t been able to get along.INTERVIEWER: What do you do if you have a parent hostile toward the court Are there any legal recourses there Isn’t there a legal responsibility the parent has...BROWN: Yes, indeed there are. The parents have a responsibility, of course, to support and take care of their children. If we find that the child is being damaged by remaining in the home—and this does happen—if he’s damaged remaining in the home, the parents— we’ve had child-abuse cases. Of course, we can take the child out of the home. We don’t dissolve the parental relationship. We take the child out. of the home and put him in a foster home. The hope is always to get them back with their parents as soon as we can.INTERVIEWER: Could even be worse, I suppose, in some cases, than the original conditions the fosterBROWN: One of the problems that can be developed is that the child may want to talk about what’s going on. See He may have problems. If he does have, and has no place to go to discuss them—psychologically, this is bad for the child. So, I demanded a list of every child in foster homes under my jurisdiction. And then whenever we placed someone in a foster home, we would fix a date at that time—two months, three months or what have you, later—for a hearing. And the child would be brought in. I’d have a chance to talk to the child.... "How’re things going" "Any problems..." "How’re you being treated... " Find out about him. Because you don’t want these things—You don’t want them to get lost, like a few people have been in mental institutions, you know! INTERVIEWER: Isn’t it a bit difficult to make a decision Are there any times when you’re torn between uh... BROWN: Yes. I think... I think in most cases... if you believe that the most important moment in the life of this person who has been convicted of a crime is when he comes before you for sentencing, then you are going to spend time and thought in determining what is going to be the best not only for society, but for the person himself. Because most of these people are not going to serve a lifetime in. the penitentiary. They’re going to be back out into society sooner or later. Even some convicted murderers have come back out in society. So, you have to think in terms of rehabilitation, hoping that there will be some rehabilitation.INTERVIEWER: Yeah. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the burglaries mentioned().
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