题目内容
人力资源管理的工作规范是描述有关工作性质、工作内容以及工作职责的文件。( )
查看答案
搜索结果不匹配？点我反馈
更多问题
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. The Value of Writing Well It’s that time of year again. No, not "the holiday season". I mean, it is holiday time, but for professors it doesn’t start feeling like holiday time until final grades are in and the books are closed on another semester. No, for me, it’s paper-grading time, the time of year when I’m reminded over and over of the importance of good writing skills--and of their rarity. The ability to write well is not a gift. Sure, the special something that sets apart a Tolstoy or Shakespeare or Salman Rushdie or Isabel Allende is a gift, a talent born of disposition, experience, and commitment. But just to be able to communicate clearly with the written word takes no special talent; it’s a skill like any other. Well, not exactly like any other. Because the words we use to write with are the same words we use to think with, learning to write well has ramifications that go beyond the merely technical. As we improve our writing ability, we improve our ability to think--to build an argument, to frame issues in compelling ways, to weave apparently unrelated facts into a coherent whole. And despite the recurring hand-wringing and chest-beating about the "end of literacy" and the "death of the printed word", the reality is that we write more than ever these days. While it’s a rare person who sits down with pen and paper in hand and writes a letter to a friend or loved one, we pour emails into the ether at an astounding rate. We text message, tweet, instant message, blog, comment, and otherwise shoot words at each other in a near-constant flow of communication. We annotate group portraits, LOL-ify cat pictures, and tag.., well, everything. At work, we write letters, proposals, PowerPoint presentations, Business requirement documents, memos, speeches, mission statements, position papers, operating procedures, manuals, brochures, package copy, press releases, and dozens of more specialized types of documents. We are, it seems, writing creatures. Homo scribus, if you will. It’s no wonder that Businesses repeatedly cite "communication skills" as the single most desirable trait in new employees. The kicker, though, is that we are as a society incredibly bad at writing. Public schools do a poor job of teaching students how to write well-they barely manage to instill the basic rules of grammar and the miserable 5-paragraph essay, let alone how to write with style and verve, how to put together an argument that moves steadily from one point to the next to persuade a reader of some crucial point, how to synthesize ideas and data from multiple sources into something that takes those ideas one step further. It’s not just the teachers’ fault. Teachers do the best they can with what they’re given, and all too often what they’re given is inadequate resources with which to teach classrooms full of unmotivated students who could care less about writing. Add to that the requirements of mandatory nation-wide tests that reward conformity, not creativity, and the threat of punishment for any school whose students fail to fall within the fairly rigid boundaries of the test’s requirements, and you’ve got a pretty bad situation all around for instilling in students the power to write well. That is, alas, a great disservice. Being able to write well vastly improves students’-and others’-potential for success, regardless of the field they find themselves in. As I’ve already mentioned, people who write well tend to be better able to think through problems and tease out patterns in outwardly dissimilar situations. More importantly, people who write well have the opportunity to make a mark in the world, because their best ideas aren’t trapped in their own minds for lack of a means of expression. This is true whether you’re a CEO or a janitor, a marketing expert or an Emergency Medical Technician. The skills that make us better writers make us better explainers, better persuaders, and better thinkers. They are the skills that allow us to "sell" our ideas effectively, whether in giving a presentation to potential funders of our company, proposing a new project to our corporate leadership, or transmitting a new policy to our employees. Being able to write well lessens the chance that we’ll be misunderstood, and increases the likelihood that our ideas will be adopted. Writing well is not a gift reserved for the few but a set of skills that can be learned by anyone. The technical aspects can be learned in any of several ways: by taking a class, by studying books on writing, by working with a partner or a group and acting on their feedback. But while grammar and structure are an important part of writing, to write well also demands some effort to develop style. Style is what keeps people reading past the first sentence, and what keeps what you’ve written on their minds, impelling them to take action. Style is rather less teachable than the nuts and bolts of writing, but it is learnable. It demands patience, attention, and most of all practice, but it is possible for anyone who has something to say to learn how to say it well. To move from being merely capable to being a good writer, you need only: 1. Read: Reading is essential to good writing. It is how we learn the vastness of the language and the limits of the grammar-and how to push those limits. The more you read, the greater your understanding of language’s potential becomes. 2. Write: Good writing takes practice. Unfortunately, unless we create opportunities to write, we get far too few opportunities to get that practice after we’ve left school. Start a journal, a blog, a newsletter, or whatever else you can think of to get you writing on at least a semi-regular basis. 3. Read Again: Most people who fail to become better writers fail because they do not read their own writing. They don’t read it before they post/mail/submit/publish/otherwise finish it, and they don’t read it after they’re done with it. Which means they don’t see the awkward parts, the flat bits, the pieces that say something different from what was intended--and they never learn how to fix or, better yet, avoid those problems. 4. Repeat: Writing is personal, and seeing your writing ill-received can strike a blow to the strongest of egos. The only answer for it, though, is persistence--the goal is to become a better writer, not to be perfect out of the gate. Pay attention to criticism, learn from it, but don’t internalize it-there’s no shame in writing poorly, only in failing to try to do better next time. Today’s world is a world of text; it is the lifeblood of the information economy. In Ancient Rome, it was the orators who ruled, those who could compel obedience, loyalty, and devotion with their spoken words. Today, the written word is dominant, not only because so much of the information that shapes our lives is written down, but because the habits that make us good writers are the same habits that allow us to flourish in the information economy. If you worry about your writing ability, commit yourself now to becoming a solid writer in the year to come. If you are already a decent writer, commit yourself to becoming better. And if you’re one of the rare few who write well, reach out to those around you and share your talent, so that others may learn from you. Let that be your gift this holiday season. Patience, attention and praetice are most important for the development of______.
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. "I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting (62) sleep than they ought to." says Dr. David. (63) people who think they are Sleeping enough would probably be better (64) with more rest. The beginning of our sleep deficit crisis can be (65) to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal (66) from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the (67) that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were (68) on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been reduced (69) , to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. "People cheat on their sleep, and they don’t even (70) they’re doing it," says Dr. David. "They think they’re okay because they can get (71) on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel ideally (72) " Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the (73) of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community (74) , many people consider sleep the least (75) item on the agenda. "In our soci-ety, you’re considered (76) it’ you say you only need 5.5 hours’ sleep. If yon say you’ve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack (77) and ambition." To assess the (78) of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects (79) a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. "We’ve found that if you’re sleep-deprived, performance (80) ," says Dr. David. "Short-term memory is impaired, (81) are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."
Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2. A late surge in university applications is putting extra pressure on sixth-formers to achieve top grades in their exams. Figures out today show almost an 8 per cent increase-about 42,000-in applications for full-time study at university, the biggest in eight years, with many of the applications received in December and January. The recession and rising unemployment have been blamed for the increase. The high number of applications will mean that pupils who are offered places on popular courses, or at prestigious universities, who do not attain their predicted grades will have less room for tactic. Adults hoping to retrain are also fuelling the boom: the number of applications from candidates aged over 24 rose by 12.6 per cent. This is despite a withdrawal of funding for people wanting to retrain in a different sphere, by studying an equivalent or lower qualification than one they already held. Universities and higher education groups welcomed the increase in applications but criticised the Government for restricting places and funding. Wes Streeting, president of the National Union of Students, said: "It is hugely encouraging to see a record-breaking number of applications to Britain’s universities, but we remain concerned about the number of places available as a result of the cap on numbers imposed by the Government. While Some had speculated that demand would fall, applicants of all ages are clearly making the correct assessment that it is better to invest now in their education and training." "We understand the pressures on public finances, but the Government must also make the right long-term decisions. It is surely better to bear the cost of additional university places now than to shoulder the burden of long-term unemployment later." Diana Warwick, chief executive of Universities UK, which represents vice-chancellors, said: "Applicants are making informed choices and thinking carefully about the value of higher education." "With the increase in mature applicants, it is encouraging that people are looking to upskill during a difficult time for the jobs market." "We call on government to ensure that this growth is matched with continued financial support," she added. What did the government do with the funding for the people who wanted to retrain
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneEconomists say confidence in the U.S. economy has improved since the financial crisis began, but it is still at a very low level. This week, the New York-based Conference board said its consumer confidence is about half of what it was this time last year. As people struggle to deal with job losses and dwindling retirement funds, their outlook of the country’s economic situation remains pessimistic during the biggest consumer spending time of the year. Claire Rusk, a shopper in Alexandria, Virginia, says she is changing her holiday spending habits this year because of the economic crisis, even though her nine-year-old son expects Christmas as usual. "His list is longer than ever, so l was listening to how you tell him that his list better be shorter this year," she said. Rusk says the crisis is forcing her to think hard about her purchases. "I’m just going to be more careful. I’m going to make a list. I’m not going to randomly shop," she noted. "I usually just go out and shop, but I’m going to have a plan before I go out this year." And Rusk is not alone. Kilmer Caban, a shopper at the Pentagon City Mall outside Washington, D.C., says he is going to try to spend the same amount for gifts as last year, but he knows some of his family members are cutting back. "My sister and her husband say they will not be spending as much, due to the cost of gas and the economy and everything," he explained. Some retail store owners, who normally make the bulk of their profits this time of year, are hopeful that the holiday shopping season will still be able to pull them out of the recent slump. Victoria Birkett, the owner of’ Embellishments, a gift store in Alexandria, Virginia, says she’s a little worried, but she is looking forward to the holiday rush. "In this retail business I have cut my order down a little bit from prior years, but I can see people are being a little more cautious in their spending," she said. "I’m a little concerned, but it is just before Thanksgiving, so I’m hopeful that things will pick up just after Thanksgiving." Birkett says her gift shop has not felt the effects of the economic crisis as much as other store owners she knows because it is close to Washington D.C. and benefits from tourism. Alexander McCall, a manager at Game Stop, in the Pentagon City Mall remains optimistic as well. "People are a little bit more careful with their money now, the spending has gone down a little, but I think all in all its going to be a good business holiday for everybody," he said. Despite the slump in consumer confidence McCall still expects demand for some items to rise next month. Claire Rusk wanted to ask for advice on how to______.
微信支付 
支付宝支付