题目内容
In many cultures people make a distinction between fine art and folk art. Although telling the difference between these two types of art is not always easy, each has certain general characteristics that help to identify it. One characteristic of folk art, for example, is that it is the product of ordinary people, the folk. Further more, folk art is often traditional in composition and subject matter. Fine art, in contrast, is usually the product of professionals who have studied art. These professional artists are usually more strongly influenced by the contemporary world and modern composition than by tradition. Another difference between folk and fine art is that folk art is often created to decorate a functional object. For example, a person who decorates his or her home by sculpting the wooden beam that holds up the roof is creating folk art. Fine art, on the other hand, is usually purely decorative Its only function is to its environment. A third distinguishing characteristic of folk art is that it is "participatory". This means that the art is created through the active involvement of the participants in the artistic project. For instance, a work song is created when a group of workers with one job to do sing together. By singing together, they make their work easier and also create a song that is considered to be folk art. In addition, paintings on the walls of churches are some times considered folk art since many people are involved in the endeavor, not only painters. The participants who are not skillful at drawing or painting, mix colors or clean up spilled paint. Fine art, such as music, how ever, seldom involves participation of any one besides the artist. Other people are usually not involved in the production. People at a music concert are only listeners, not participants. In the same way, a fine-art painting is primarily the work of one known artist, not a group. Folk art is characterized by anonymity; the folk artist is rarely, if ever, known. A final distinctive characteristic of folk art is that it tends to become rarer as a society becomes more industrialized. When machines produce all of the objects that people are likely to need in their everyday lives, people are likely to stop producing and decorating household objects at home. Likewise, when most people have radios, they tend to listen to the songs on the radio while they work rather than to sing traditional work songs. However, the quality and quantity of fine art do not decrease with industrialization. In fact, the amount may in crease if industrialization raises the standard of living, thus creating a larger number of people who can afford to buy fine art. Which of the following statements about folk art is true
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Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. (56) the mm of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent (57) of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was (58) , or by whom. But it began to be (59) in the early 1900s. Jazz is America’s contribution to (60) music．In contrast to classical music, which (61) formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free in form. It bubbles with energy, (62) the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz (63) like America, and (64) it does to day. The (65) of this music are as interesting as the music (66) . American negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz (67) . They were brought to Southern States (68) slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long (69) . When a Negro died his friends and relatives (70) a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the (71) . On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. (72) on the way home the mood changed．Spirits lifted．Death had removed one of their (73) , but the living were glad to believe. The band played (74) music, improvising(即兴表演) on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes (75) at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of jazz.
Why do people take a basket in supermarkets
Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. (56) the mm of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent (57) of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was (58) , or by whom. But it began to be (59) in the early 1900s. Jazz is America’s contribution to (60) music．In contrast to classical music, which (61) formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free in form. It bubbles with energy, (62) the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz (63) like America, and (64) it does to day. The (65) of this music are as interesting as the music (66) . American negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz (67) . They were brought to Southern States (68) slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long (69) . When a Negro died his friends and relatives (70) a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the (71) . On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. (72) on the way home the mood changed．Spirits lifted．Death had removed one of their (73) , but the living were glad to believe. The band played (74) music, improvising(即兴表演) on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes (75) at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of jazz.
I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the choice we would prefer to live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a large city. I have managed to convince myself that if it weren’’t for my job I would immediately head out for the open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the country. But how realistic is the dream Cities can be frightening places. The majority of the population live in massive tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal. The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear when you live fifteen floors up. All you can see from your window is sky, or other blocks of flats. Children become aggressive and nervous—cooped up at home all day, with nowhere to play; their mothers feel isolated from the rest of the world. Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks don’’t even say hello to each other. Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of community generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together. People have the advantage of knowing that there is always someone to turn to when they need help. But country life has disadvantages too. While it is true that you may be among friends in a village, it is also true that you are cut off from the exciting and important events that take place in cities. There’’s little possibility of going to a new show or the latest movie. Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town. The city-dweller who leaves for the country is often oppressed by a sense of unbearable stillness and quiet. What, then, is the answer The country has the advantage of peace and quiet, but suffers from the disadvantage of being cut off; the city breeds a feeling of isolation, and constant noise batters the senses. But one of its main advantages is that you are at the centre of things, and that life doesn’’t come to an end at half-past nine at night. Some people have found (or rather bought) a compromise between the two: they have expressed their preference for the "quiet life" by leaving the suburbs and moving to villages within commuting distance of large cities. They generally have about as much sensitivity as the plastic flowers they leave behind—they are polluted with strange ideas a-bout change and improvement which they force on to the unwilling original inhabitants of the villages. What then of my dreams of leaning on a cottage gate and murmuring "morning" to the locals as they pass by. I’’m keen on the idea, but you see there’’s my cat, Toby. I’’m not at all sure that he would take to all that fresh air and exercise in the long grass. I mean, can you see him mixing with all those hearty males down the farm No, he would rather have the electric imitation-coal fire any evening. According to the passage, which of the following adjectives best describes those people who work in large cities and live in villages
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