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Car Pollution Jump in the car, start your engine and you’’re off. But do you give any thought to what’’s coming out of the tailpipe as you go about your drive Carbon dioxide is the dominant greenhouse gas that causes global warming. The effects of global warming are uncertain, but they potentially include disruption of global weather patterns and ecosystems, flooding, severe storm, and droughts. Carbon monoxide, when inhaled, combines with haemoglobin in our blood, impairing the flow of oxygen to our brain and other parts of the body. Carbon monoxide is colorless, odorless, and poisonous even to healthy people (at high levels). It can seriously affect people with heart disease, and can affect the central nervous system. Motor vehicles are the main source of carbon monoxide pollution in many countries. Sulphur oxides contribute to respiratory illness, particularly in children and the elderly, and aggravate existing heart and lung diseases. It contributes to the formation of acid rain, which damages trees, crops, and buildings; and makes soils, lakes, and streams acidic. Nitrogen oxide is a noxious pollutant. It is a lung irritant and reacts with compounds in the air to cause acid rain and ozone (the main reason for smog). Nitrogen oxide is one of the main ingredients involved in the formation of ground-level ozone (which can trigger serious respiratory problems), and contributes to global warming. Particulate matter, consisting of tiny particles of smoke, soot and dust primarily from engines, car parts, tires, and diesel exhaust, are an established cause of lung problems, from shortness of breath to worsening of respiratory and cardiovascular disease, damage to lung tissues, and cancer. The EPA estimates that particulate pollution kills more than 60,000 people per year. In addition, particulates are associated with increased hospital ad missions and emergency room visits for people with heart and lung disease, as well as work and school absences. Particulates can travel deep into the lungs, or in smaller form, directly into the bloodstream. Hydrocarbons, in their many forms, are directly hazardous, contributing to what are collectively called "air toxics." These compounds directly irritate the lung and other tissues, can cause cancer, contribute to birth defects, and cause other illnesses. Lead damages organs, affects the brain, nerves, heart, and blood. Although overall blood lead levels have decreased since 1976, urban areas with high levels of traffic or industrial facilities that burn fuel may still have high lead levels in air. In 1999, ten areas of the country did not meet the national health-based air quality standards for lead. Hybrid cars use less gas, and therefore produce fewer emissions, than conventional cars. Take a look at the statistics below (based on a car travelling 14,000 miles per year). ●A conventional car produces 11,100 pounds of CO2 per year, compared with the 4,800 pounds of CO2 produced by a hybrid car. ●A conventional car produces 330 pounds of carbon monoxide per year, compared with the 230 pounds produced by a hybrid car. ●A conventional car produces 49 pounds of nitrogen oxide per year, compared with the 17 pounds produced by a hybrid car. ●A conventional car produces 670 grams of particulate matter per year, compared with the 240 grams produced by a hybrid car. ●A conventional car produces 29 pounds of hydrocarbons per year, compared with the 8 pounds produced by a hybrid car.Rolling Up Your Window Won’’t Help Exposure to some car pollutants may be much higher inside your car than outside. Commuters driving in rush hour get the highest exposure, often from pollutants emitted by vehicles ahead of them. You are basically driving in and through -- and contributing to -- a lethal cocktail of air pollution.Other Impacts on the Environment When you think of pollution from cars, the first thing that comes to mind is noxious fumes. But the ,problems don’’t stop with air pollution. The environmental consequences associated with cars are much wider.Water Pollution Runoff of oil, automotive fluids, and roadway chemicals are estimated at hundreds of thousands of tons per year, and are considered the leading source of impairment to rivers. In addition, hundreds of thousands of potential leaks from underground fuel storage tanks threaten groundwater, and improperly disposed of used motor oil ends up in waterways.Noise Pollution Noise from car traffic, and loud car stereos and alarms, has become so ubiquitous that we barely notice it anymore -- but it’’s taking its toll. Recent census data indicates that 1 in 8 American households suffer from bothersome noise from the street or traffic. Problems related to noise include hearing loss, stress, high blood pressure, sleep loss, distraction, and lost productivity, and a general reduction in the quality of life and opportunities for tranquility.Solid Waste Over 10 million automobiles are scrapped every year, creating approximately seven billion pounds of unrecycled scrap and waste every year. Approximately 800 million tires are stockpiled in dumps around the country, creating a serious fire hazard and an ongoing environmental hazard. Every stockpiled tire sheds rubber each year, spewing minute grains of rubber into the atmosphere and back down into the water supply and human lungs.Wildlife The Humane Society estimates that around a million animals die on U. S. roads every day.Agriculture Air and water pollution from vehicles compromises the growth, reproduction and over all health of plants, which are susceptible to disease, pests, and environmental stress. It reduces agricultural yields for many economically important crops, such as soybean, wheat, and cotton.The Built-up Environment During the last century, an area roughly equal to all the arable land in Ohio, Indiana and Pennsylvania was paved in the United States -- requiting maintenance costs of over $ 200 million a day and trapping us in large, sprawling and undesirable concrete jungles. Approximately one-third of an average city’’s land is devoted to roads and other car-related elements. Interstate highways cut through and divide countless neighborhoods, taking homes and destroying businesses. We add more and more roads, encouraging wider use of private cars and ever-increasing traffic congestion. Pollutants from cars create a ________ which people in cars are most exposed to.
核发《药品生产许可证》的部门是
A上市公司于2010年9月30日通过定向增发本公司普通股对B企业进行合并，取得B企业100%股权。假定不考虑所得税的影响，A公司及B企业合并前简化资产负债表如下表所示。 A公司及B企业合并前资产负债表 单位：万元 项目 A公司 B企业 流动资产 5000 7000 非流动资产 13000 30000 资产总计 18000 37000 流动负债 3000 6000 非流动负债 4000 11000 负债合计 7000 17000 所有者权益： 股本 1000 600 资本公积 2000 5400 盈余公积 800 1400 未分配利润 7200 12600 所有者权益合计 11000 20000 负债及所有者权益总计 18000 37000 其他资料： (1)2010年9月30日，A公司通过定向增发本公司普通股，以2.5股换1股的比例自B企业股东处取得了B企业全部股权。A公司共发行了1500万股普通股取得B企业全部600万股普通股。 (2)A公司每股普通股在2010年9月30日的公允价值为16元，B企业每股普通股当日的公允价值为40元。A公司、B企业每股普通股的面值为1元。 (3)2010年9月30日，A公司除非流动资产公允价值为15000万元以外，其他资产、负债项目的公允价值与其账面价值相同。 (4)假定A公司与B企业在合并前不存在任何关联方关系。 2010年9月30日合并财务报表中股本项目反映的数量和金额分别是( )。
甲企业自行研发一项专有技术，该项技术完成后用于企业管理，至2009年4月30日研究实际发生各项试验费用、材料费用等120万元，此时甲公司确定该项技术已经具有可行性并且能够为企业带来经济利益，2009年5月1日至10月5日甲公司又为开发该技术购买材料支付款项234万元，支付参与开发人员薪酬100万元，折旧费用66万元，2009年10月6日该项无形资产开发全部完成达到预定用途，对其采用直线法按5年摊销，预计无残值。 2010年年末经减值测试发现该资产减值75万元，假定减值后该无形资产的摊销方法、摊销年限及净残值均没有发生变化。2011年7月3日出售该无形资产时取得收入200万元，营业税税率为5%。 要求：根据上述资料，不考虑相关税费等其他因素的影响，回答下列问题。 该无形资产2009年12月31日的账面净值为( )。
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