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Passage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.A two-week treatment with an experimental immune - suppressing drug halted progression of diabetes in newly diagnosed patients for at least a year. This is a study reported recently in new England Journal of Medicine. Researchers at Columbia University say they followed the course of illness in 24 patients, ages 7 to 27, who were diagnosed with type Ι diabetes, a form of disease that occurs when the insulin - producing cells in the pancreas are destroyed by the body’s own immune system.They found that the drug halted destruction of insulin - producing cells in nine of the 12 treated patients, while 10 of the 12 untreated patients had significant decline in insulin production. The experimental drug is safer than other immune - suppressants because it targets only specific cells, eliminating dangerous side effects on other organs or tissues, and its beneficial effects continue beyond treatment, says its developer, Jeffrey Bluestone of the University of California-San Francisco. Furthermore, a two-year trial involving 80 patients is scheduled to begin within a few weeks.If results are confirmed in larger studies, the drug should be a “major contribution” to diabetes prevention, says Jay Skyler of the University of Miami. Skyler, director of a large diabetes prevention study, reports in a second journal article that in a study of 339 people at high risk of developing type Ι diabetes, insulin injections did not prevent the disease.Skyler says, “We hope we’d find something that would be a help to the people at risk for diabetes, because so much is known about insulin and its safety. If we could hit this difficult point, it would be a most exciting event.”The study shows the value of clinical trials. Small studies might give them hints of what might be right, but their results need to be confirmed in larger studies.The second part of the Diabetes prevention Trial, a study to determine the effect on diabetes prevention of oral insulin, which works through a different mechanism than injected insulin, should be completed next year.16. What is the drug used for stopping progression of diabetes in this study?______ A. insulin injection B. oral insulinC. a new immune - suppressing drug D. an immune - suppressing drug under trial17. What kind of diabetes is the immune - suppressing drug used for?______ A. type ΙΙ diabetes B. type Ι diabetesC. secondary diabetes D. alimentary diabetes18. What is the main function of the immune - suppressing drug?______ A. stopping destruction of insulin-producing cellsB. causing a decline in insulin production C. leading to hypoglycemia D. leading to hyperglycemia 19. Which of the following statements is Not true?______ A. A two-year trial involving 80 patients just a few weeks agoB. In this study researchers followed the course of illness in 24 patients C. This experimental drug is safer than other immune - suppressants D. This drug would be a great contribution to the control of diabetes if the results are confirmed in larger studies20. What style of writing do you think is this passage?______ A. story B. noticeC. news report D. thesis
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Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Senator Edward Kennedy, a legendary political figure in the United States, died on Tuesday after a year long battle with malignant glioma(神经胶质瘤), the most common type of brain cancer among adults. Although he had the most up-to-date treatments - surgery at Duke University Medical Center, chemotherapy and radiation - he was not able to survive the disease. Doctors still don't know what causes brain tumors and the National Cancer Institute says the outlook for patients with malignant gliomas is poor. Senator Kennedy's brain tumor was diagnosed in May 2008 after he had a seizure (突发), a frequent symptom of brain cancer. At Duke University Medical Center, he had surgery to remove the tumor. His doctors said it was a success and Kennedy was discharged six days later. Kennedy had what's called a craniotomy（开颅术）, which involves opening the skull to expose the surface of the brain. Surgeons then determine the exact location of the tumor, often with the help of an MRI or CT (cat) scan. During part of the procedure, patients can be brought back to consciousness. That helps the doctors avoid cutting in areas that control speech. "The brain will not feel any pain, so you can stimulate while the patient is awake and test the motor function, the speech functions while the patient is awake which allows very accurate determination of where these eloquent areas of the brain are," Dr. Caputy explains. Doctors still don't know what causes brain tumors. They do know what the risk factors are and Senator Kennedy had them all. Men are more likely to get brain tumors than women, as are white people and those 70 years or older. Doctors caution that even with treatment, these aggressive tumors always come back. What's not known is when. 6. Which of the following is true about Senator Edward Kennedy’s death? ______ A.Senator Edward Kennedy died right after he had the tumor B.Senator Edward Kennedy died of an unknown diseaseC.Senator Edward Kennedy died because he didn’t get up-to-date treatmentD.Senator Edward Kennedy died of a most common type of brain cancer after a year long up-to-date treatment 7. What is the experts’ attitude towards the outlook for patients with malignant gliomas? ______ A. Optimistic B. Pessimistic C. Indifferent D. Not mentioned 8. Which of the following is NOT one of Kennedy’s experiences after he got the cancer? ______ A. He had a surgery at Duke University Medical Center B. His skull was opened to examine where the tumor was C. He made a speech about craniotomy D. His surgery at Duke University was successful and he was discharged 9. Which statement is NOT true about the risk factors that cause brain tumors? ______ A. Men are more likely to have brain tumors than women B. Kids are more likely to have brain tumors than adults C. White people are more likely to have brain tumors than black peopleD. 70-year-old or older people are more likely to have brain tumors than those under 70 10. Which statement is true according to the passage? ______ A. Experts have already figure out the exact cause of brain cancerB. It is believed that once treated brain tumors will not come back again C. Patients usually remain sleeping during a craniotomyD. None of the above
Passage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Florence Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy, while her wealthy English parents were traveling in Europe. As a child, she traveled to many places with her family and learned how to speak several languages. When Nightingale was 17, she told her family that she was going to help sick people. Her parents did not approve, but Nightingale was determined. She traveled to hospitals all over Europe. She saw that doctors were working too hard. She saw that patients died because they did not get enough care. Nightingale felt that women could be doing more to help doctors take care of sick people. Nightingale knew that in order for nurses to do more, they needed special training in how to take care of sick people. Nightingale went to a hospital in Germany to study nursing. Then she returned to London and became the head of a group of women called Gentlewomen During Illness. These women cared for sick people in their homes. In 1854, England was fighting a war with Russia. War reporters wrote about the terrible conditions in the hospitals that cared for the wounded. People demanded that something be done about it. A leader of the government asked Florence Nightingale to take some nurses into the war hospitals. So, in November 1854, Nightingale finally got to work in a hospital. She took along 38 nurses whom she had trained herself. At first, the doctors on the battlefields did not want Nightingale and her nurses in their hospitals. They did not believe that women could help. But in fact, the nurses did make a difference. They worked around the clock, tending the sick. Thanks to their hard work, many wounded soldiers survived. After the war, Nightingale and her nurses were treated like heroes. Finally, in 1860, she started the Nightingale School for Nurses. In time, thanks to Florence Nightingale, nursing became an important part of medicine. 11. Florence Nightingale was born into a rich _________ _____.A. Italian family B. Russian familyC. English family D. German family 12. Nightingale's parents did not approve of her decision _________ _____.A. to work as a doctor B. to care for sick people C. to fight in the war with Russia D. to travel to hospitals all over Europe 13. It was not until the war with Russia that Nightingale ___________ ___.A. got to work in a hospital B. began to study nursing C. started to care for sick people in their homes D. became the head of Gentlewomen During Illness 14. On the battlefields Nightingale and her nurses proved to be _________ _____.A. as bad as the doctors had expected B. quite generous C. less than useful D. very helpful15. Nightingale played a great role in __________ ____.A. the building of war hospitals B. the education of women C. the development of nursing D. the improvement of working conditions for women
5. According to the last paragraph, tissue's lower exposure to alcohol ____________.
2. Which of the following is NOT the conclusion made by the researchers about "drinking with meals"?
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