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A solar collector of \(1.5 m^2\) is installed on the rooftop of a house. Assuming that the radiative energy arriving from the sun is \(1000 W/m^2\), the collector reflects 10% of the energy arriving on its surface. Also, the collector is not perfectly insulated, and losses occur. The collector has a a heat transfer coefficient \(h\) of \(2W/m^2K\). The side areas of the collector are assumed to be negligible. The ambient temperature is 20 ºC and the collector is assumed to be at a temperature of 50 ºC. Consider that this temperature is constant thoughout the whole collector. The collector is assumed to behave like a black body.What is the power output of the collector in \(W\)? ______

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What does it mean when the water heating system is in an open loop?

A. The solar water heating system is used for heating instead of power production
B. The fluid that is heated in the collector is directly used to cover the heating demand
C. The flow of the collector liquid is caused by natural convection
D. The fluid of the collector liquid is caused by forced convection

What is the most important heat transfer mechanism in domestic solar water heating systems?

A. Conduction
B. Convection
C. Radiation
D. All of them are equally important

Knowing that the radius of the Sun is \(6.96*10^8 m\) and the distance between the Sun and the Earth is roughly \(1.50*10^{11}m\), and assuming that the Sun is a perfect sphere, calculate the temperature in \(K\) at the Sun's surface. Assume that the irradiance arriving to the Earth is the value for AM0: \(1350W/m^2\). ______

During the winter, the inside of an average house is maintained at 20 ºC, while the outside temperature is 0 ºC. Assuming that the only mechanism of heat transfer is conduction, the walls are 10 cm thick and the heat conductivity of the walls is \(0.5 W/Km\). Calculate the heat flux from the room to the surroundings in \(W/m^2\).We decide that, to reduce the heat loss through the walls, the material should be changed to an insulator material. The new overall conductivity will be \(0.1 W/Km\), and the thickness of the wall is maintained. Calculate the reduction of the heat flux throughout the walls in % compared to the initial case. ______

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