题目内容

Mountains are characterized by high elevation and steep slopes. The mountains are eroded strongly by water. The hydrothermal conditions and vegetation change obviously. Therefore, the mountainous soils have the characteristic of vertical distribution.

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The atmospheric humidity decreases from east to west in the temperate region. The soils are distributed in the following sequence: chernozem, black soil, chestnut soil, brown calcic soil, sierozem, grey desert soil, grey-brown desert soil, brown desert soil.

Plants can selectively absorb the nutrient elements which are dispersed in the parent material, water and atmosphere, accompanied by the availability of mineral nutrient elements.

The stratification of parent material (heterogeneous parent material) has a more complex influence on the material migration and soil fertility, compared with homogeneous parent material. The stratification of parent material will be inherited to soil.

The large cycle is the storage and accumulation process of nutrients, while the small cycle is the leaching process of nutrients.