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How to approach Reading Test Part Four ·In this part of the Reading Test you read a short text and decide if seven sentences are ’Right’, ’Wrong’ or ’Doesn’t Say’ (not mentioned in the text). ·First read the complete text. Then read the seven sentences and possible answers. ·Note any answers which are clear For others, write down all possible answers. ·Look for overall meaning. Do not decide a sentence is ’Right’ just because you can see the same words in the text. ·Be very careful about the difference between ’Wrong’ and ’Doesn’t Say’. Choose ’Wrong’ if the facts in the text are different from the facts in the sentence. Choose ’Doesn’t Say’ only if there is no definite information in the text. ·Go back and check your final answers.·Read the newspaper article about new training courses.·Are sentences 16-22 on the opposite page ’Right’ or ’Wrong’ If there is not enough information to answer ’Right’ or ’Wrong’, choose ’Doesn’t Say’.·For each sentence 16-22, mark one letter (A, B or C). TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES FOR LOCAL BUSINESSES Aseries of 15 one-day courses is being planned for small businesses in the Scar brook area during September and October. The focus will be on practical training in a range of business skills areas, including presentation skills, marketing on the internet, negotiating effectively and dealing with difficult clients. The courses are being run by a recently founded training organisation, Scar brook Training Company (STC). This organisation is a partnership between Scar brook Council and the town’s Business Development Agency, which has been training Scar brook businesses for a number of years. A spokesperson for the company confirmed that STC, which receives government funding, is offering these courses free of charge. This is an excellent opportunity for local businesspeople, who would otherwise expect to pay as much as ￡250 to attend a one-day business skills course. Although firms are allowed to register a maximum of two employees per course, participants may attend as many courses as they wish. Bookings will take place for the two weeks following an open day at STC on 27 August. STC recommends that applications for places are submitted as soon as possible to avoid disappointment. For further information, contact STC on: 0859 211432 or online at: http://www, stc.co.uk. One of the training sessions will focus on effective writing skills.
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Pushbike Peril Low speed bicycle crashes can badly injure —or even kill —children if they fall onto the ends of the handlebars so a team of engineers is redesigning the humble handlebar in a bid to make it safer. Kristy Arbogast, a bioengineer at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania, began the project with her colleagues after a study of serious abdominal injuries in children in the past 30 years showed that more than a third were caused by bicycle accidents. "The task was to identify how the injuries occurred and came up with some countermeasures," she says. By interviewing the children and their parents, Arbogast and her team were able to reconstruct many of the accidents and identified a common mechanism responsible for serious injures. They discovered that most occur when children hit an obstacle at a slow speed, causing them to topple over. To maintain their balance they turn the handlebars through 90 degrees — but their momentum forces them into the end of the handlebars. The bike then falls over and the other end of the handlebars hits the ground, ramming it into their abdomen. The solution the group came up with is a handgrip fitted with a spring and damping system. The spring absorbs up to 50 per cent of the forces transmitted through the handlebars in an impact. The group hopes to commercialize the device, which should add only a few dollars to the cost of a bike. "But our task has been one of education because up until now, bicycle manufacturer were unaware of the problem," says Arbogast. The team has also approached the US Consumer Product Safety Commission to try to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new design. A decision is expected later this year. handlebar n (常用复数) (自行车等的) 车把 abdominal adj. 腹部的 redesign v. 重新设计 bioengineer n. 生物工程师 reconstruct vt. 重建；重构 countermeasure n. 对策 abdomen n. 膜，腹部 momentum n.冲力 handgrip n. 握柄 damping adj. 制动的，减速的，缓冲的 commercialize vt. 使商品化 The new handgrip works in which of the following ways
Something Men Do Not Like to Do Eric Brown hates shopping. "It’s just not enjoyable to me," said the 28-year-old. Chicago man who was carrying several shopping bags along the city’s main street, Michigan Avenue. "When I’m out (1) , I basically know what I want to get. I rush in. I buy it. I (2) ." Common wisdom says that guys hate to shop. You can ask generations of men. But people who study shopping say that a number of social, cultural and economic factors are now (3) this "men-hate-to-shop" notion. " (4) social class, ethnicity, age — men say they hate to shop," says Sharon Zukin, a City University of New York sociology professor. "Yet when you ask them deeper questions, it turns out that they (5) to shop. Men generally like to shop for (6) , music and hardware. But if you ask them about the shopping they do for books or music, they’ll say ’Well that’s not shopping. That’s (7) .’" In other words, what men and women call "buying things" and how they approach that task are (8) . Women will (9) through several 1,000-square-metre stores in search of the perfect party dress. Men will wander through 100 Internet sites in search of the (10) digital camcorder. Women see shopping as a social event. Men see it as a mission or a (11) to be won. "Men are frequently shopping to win," says Mary Ann McGrath, a marketing professor at Loyola University of Chicago. "They want to get the best deal. They want to get the best one, The last one and if they do that it (12) them happy." When women shop, "they’re doing it in a way where they want (13) to be very happy," says McGrath. "They’re kind of shopping for love." In fact, it is in clothing where we see a male-female (14) most clearly. Why, grumble some men, are all male clothes navy, grey, black or brown But would they wear Light green and pink "These days, many guys wear a sort of uniform", says Paco Underhill, author of Why We Bye, "It’s been hard for them to understand what it means to be fashion-conscious in a business way. It becomes much, much easier if you (15) your range of choices." grumble n. 抱怨，发牢骚 ethnicity n. 种族特点 camcorder n. 摄像放像机
American Sports The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game. Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket. Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur. Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly. Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horse, s in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do "not assemble" primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing. Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.
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