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Today, students who want to learn English in the US have a wide choice of courses and institutions to (36) from. And, because the US is such a big country, they also have a huge (37) of locations in which to study. The US has a long (38) of teaching English because, (39) its history, the country has welcomed (40) from all over the world, most of whom have needed to learn English. Today, the US’s English language teaching sector is well developed and its teachers are highly qualified and (41) American universities and colleges welcome many thousands of (42) students each year, who (43) on degree or post graduate courses. (44) These courses are called Intensive English Language Programs and (45) . In addition to language tuition, Intensive English Language Programs give students (46) Today, students who want to learn English in the US have a wide choice of courses and institutions to (36) from. And, because the US is such a big country, they also have a huge (37) of locations in which to study. The US has a long (38) of teaching English because, (39) its history, the country has welcomed (40) from all over the world, most of whom have needed to learn English. Today, the US’s English language teaching sector is well developed and its teachers are highly qualified and (41) American universities and colleges welcome many thousands of (42) students each year, who (43) on degree or post graduate courses. (44) These courses are called Intensive English Language Programs and (45) . In addition to language tuition, Intensive English Language Programs give students (46)
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Questions 11～13 are based on the following conversation between shopkeeper and customer. How much does it cost for the new movie
Text 3 There are at least two causes of anxiety: conflict and stress. As an example of the former, we can rarely predict the precise consequences of what we do, but we are awarded (oz cursed) with the intellectual capacity to anticipate the advantages and disadvantages which may arise for any action we may be contemplating. Very commonly we axe faced with a choice between several courses of action, all of which we have reasons for or against. This state of affairs -- in psychological jargon, multiple approach-avoidance conflict -- accounts for a great deal of our worrying: worrying, that is, about what to do. The other major source of worry is the dreadful things which may happen or have happened to us or to those we care for. Among the most stressful of these are death, illness, loss of work, money problems, marital problems and retirement. Such worries have a rational basis, but we are curiously irrational in the way we pursue them. For example, fear of death is as strong among young adults as among the elderly and it does not seem to be reduced by any sort of religious faith, including the belief that there is life after death. It is equally surprising that objective measures of anxiety suggest that we are as worried the hour before having a tooth filled as when we face a major medical operation. How do we deal with worries Psychiatrists point to a number of defensive devices we can use to turn them aside. We can avoid the situations which induce them, one of the example being that some people refuse to fly in airplanes. We can deny that we have the worry at all, which may be risky if the worry is well-founded. Alternatively, we may repress it. These are hazardous; the former may lead to free-floating, clinical anxiety, while the latter is a way of saying that many physical troubles seem to be primarily emotional in origin. Temporary relief from anxiety can be obtained through engaging in a variety of coping behaviors. These include many of the commonest items of our behavioral repertoire. Smoking, drinking, sleeping, eating, taking physical exercise, daydreaming: all can be used to reduce anxiety when the occasion demands it. It is when they fail that worrying or anxiety threatens to become a clinical problem. Of course, some people worry more than others, whatever the circumstances. So far I have been discus- sing the state of anxiety, which is largely the product of the amount of stress an individual experiences. But anxiety is also a personality trait, closely related to Eysenck’s neuroticism dimension, and the genes we inherit may make us likely become worriers. The importance of constitutional factors is underlined by the fact that people rarely have breakdowns for the first time later in life, despite the fact that stress-inducing events become more frequent as we get older. What is said about the fear of death in the passage
Jennifer The greenhouse effect might be causing the change, but it’s a cycle that’s been tracked for about a hundred years and in the past 20 years or so it just stopped cycling. And this is only affecting a small part of the world, People talk about greenhouse effect because they want to show how much concern they have about the future of the world. Don’t be as silly as them. Carl: Spring just hits here, too. It’s so nice--windows open, the fresh air of changing seasons just lights me up. When I was younger this was the season for walking through the melting snow and ice, across roadsides, through square acre forests among the fields. I get so excited to be out in the wild. It’s tough to be in the city this time of year. Maybe I’ll go camping soon! Susan: In the city you don’t have seasons. Spring rain does not make man-made structure grow, and wet roads are not inconvenient for you because you can move around hi your car. Summer’s heat is no longer a problem and air-conditioning makes your rooms cool as autumn. The colors of the city don’t change because nature is not powerful enough to change them as she changes the color of woods. Winter snow leaves nothing white but muddy roads. Harold: Snow in Georgia is a funny thing. We have been having 24 hours/day weather news on the TV for the past week, just because there is a threat of snow. Schools have closed based on these predictions, and all we got was rain. But the rule is that if it sticks to the ground, school is canceled. It would be a great excuse to get the day off. People rush to the grocery store to buy milk and bread -- I don’t know why, but they do. When I was growing up here we used to get 1 or 2 big snowfalls a year, but there has not been any for the last few. Damn global warming. Mike: It’s been so nice. I am of the firm belief that in February we get the day like cool autumn season in November... In February it’s like a warm period that’s been getting stronger and longer every year since my boyhood, and it gets defeated by the final blowing snowstorm of March at least once, but anyone can survive those snowstorms, since we all know they’ll be gone in a few days. Now match each of the persons (61 to 65) to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements.Statements[A] Future is bright.[B] In the city we can hardly touch nature.[C] We can see the greenhouse effect on the climate.[D] Human beings have to struggle hard against weather.[E] The call of nature is there.[F] He hates spring.[G] Sometimes we worry too much about nothing. Carl
Many students find the experience of attending university lectures to be a confusing and frustrating experience. The lecturer speaks for one or two hours, perhaps (67) the talk with slides, writing up important information on the blackboard, (68) reading material and giving out (69) . The new student sees the other students continuously writing on notebooks and (70) what to write. Very often the student leaves the lecture (71) notes which do not catch the main points and (72) become hard even for the (73) to understand. Most institutions provide courses which (74) new students to develop the skills they need to be (75) listeners and note-takers. (76) these are unavailable, there are many useful study-skills guides which (77) learners to practice these skills (78) . In all cases it is important to (79) the problem (80) actually starting your studies. It is important t (81) that most students have difficulty in acquiring the language skills (82) in college study. One way of (83) these difficulties is to attend the language ,and study-skills classes which most institutions provide throughout the (84) year. Another basic (85) is to find a study partner. (86) it is possible to identify difficulties, exchange ideas and provide support.
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