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阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项。请根据短文的内容，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。Reading Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed substantially over the centuries. During the 1950’s, and 1960’s especially, increased attention has been devote (51) defining and describing the reading process. (52) specialists agree that reading (53) a complex organization of higher mental (54) , they disagree (55) the exact nature of the process. Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, (56) reading as simply the decoding of symbols into the sounds they stand (57) . These authorities (58) that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is inextricably related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without (59) their meaning is not truly reading. The reader, (60) some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who (61) reads. Many adults, although they have the ability to read have never read a book in its entirety. By some experts they would not be (62) as readers. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one uses. By the most inclusive and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to (63) the sound-symbol code of the language, to interpret meaning for various purposes, at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do (64) widely and enthusiastically. (65) , reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.
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下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文，并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。第一篇The treasure Locked away in a vault underneath the presidential palace in Kabul is a priceless treasure which is at the mercy of the American bombardment and the Taleban’s spite and greed. Art experts want the UN to rescue this 2, 100-year-old hoard of gold antiquities, called the Treasure of Bactria, before it is destroyed or the Tableban melt it down. What is remarkable is that the 20,000 or more gold statues, necklaces and ornaments set with precious stones have survived for so long in a city scarred by years of war. Rumors swirl around the bazaars of the capital about what the Taleban has done with the treasure, which was excavated from a royal burial site in northern Afghanistan by a Soviet team during the Soviet Union’s occupation. The team described how the 20,000 gold pieces included statues, necklaces, dress ornaments, hairpins and buckles deco rated with precious stones. There were also plaques decorated with jewels and a crown covered in pearls and turquoise. The treasure survived until its excavation in 1978. After that, the country’s former President Najibullah, sealed it in many trunks and hid them in a vault and protected by a steel door shut by seven locks with keys held by seven different people. At least three of the key holders are now dead, Mr. Najibullah included. Another popular fable circulating in Kabul is that the Russians have a duplicate set of the seven keys. Others claim that a traitor team of Soviet troops broke into the vault in the last hours before they abandoned Kabul and replaced some of the treasures with fakes. Now all anyone can say for sure is that the treasure was last seen and inspected by international archaeologists in 1993. when the safe was opened to clarify rumors that the Afghans had sold it. UNESCO says that it has given the Americans a map so that its bombers can avoid vital cultural sites, which include the vault in the presidential palace and other places, where other museum treasures are stored. There are many in Kabul who say the Taleban have already handed the treasure to Osama Bin Laden. Robert Kluyver, of the Society for the Preservation of Afghanistan’s Cultural Heritage, was told recently that Bin Laden had arranged for it to be smuggled across the mountains to Pakistan in March where dealers awaited his orders to sell it. Where are the treasures now according to the writer
Shopping online Internet retailer AMAZON. COM on Wednesday released a rare and revealing peek at its customers’ shopping habits, taken from a September e-mail poll of 2,072 customers of its French, German and United kingdom sites. The company said the research was done in the name of improving customer service. "We have to learn from the nuances and idiosyncrasies of each nation’s shopping habits to see how we can serve our customers better this Christmas, "said Robin Terrell, managing director of Amazon. co. uk. The findings paint a unique picture of the shopping habits of the world’s largest online retailer, plus their motivation and preferences. For instance, the round-the-clock convenience of e-commerce ranked above price as the prime motivating factor for online shoppers, the company said. And more purchases are made from home than work. According to the poll results, 31 percent of shoppers plunk down their credit card during work hours, against 67 percent at home or in a home office. The notable exception is Ireland, where 46 percent of shoppers polled do so while at their office desk. The British are the second worst offenders, with 40 percent admitting to on-the-job shopping, while the Danes are the most honorable, with one in five making a purchase while on the job. At 53 percent, the majority of Europeans shop in the evenings at home. Austrians and Germans are the most avid night owl shoppers, with 63 percent and 62 percent, respectively, reporting this habit. The Germans, though, are the least likely group to shop online after 10 p. m., the study said. Other findings include: the French and British are most active shoppers with three in 10 visiting e-commerce sites more than 10 times per month; and the Irish have the greatest concentration of shopaholics—one in ten hit the cyber—shops more than 20 times a month, twice the European average. In contrast, just 1 percent of Italians polled shop online more than 20 times per month. The least active group are the Dutch, with 25 percent reporting they shop online once a month or less. But among the senior set, Dutch "silver surfers"—Internet users above the age of 50—shop online 20 percent of the time, Amazon said. The French, meanwhile, like to get an early and late crack at online shopping with 18 percent logging on after 10 p.m. and 11 before 10 a. m., the company said. And what about the Swedes According to the survey, the Swedes are most likely among those polled to buy something they hadn’t planned on purchasing. What, according to this passage, is the prime motivating factor for online shoppers
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