题目内容
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
听力原文： Darwin was a great scientist. He studied living things in the world.
He said, "There are thousands of living things. But in the past, the number was smaller. In the far past, a still smaller number. In the beginning perhaps only one."
Darwin waited a long time before he put these things in to a book. He always tried to add more and more facts: he wanted his ideas about evolution to be right.
It took him many years to write the book. On the first day, people bought every copy. The men of the churches fought against Darwin's ideas. His story of the world was different from theirs. So either Darwin or the men of the churches must be wrong. But the churches did not bring any new frets, or better ideas. They only brought angry words.
Later, Darwin wrote a book about the evolution of man. He said that man is also a kind of animal. And again, Dar win did not just write down his own ideas. He filled his book with facts. We know now that he was right. There have been men for more than a million years. We have found some of their bones. Bones have told us a lot about the evolution of living things.
Like any other animals, man slowly changed through time. But we cannot find the bones of man from a few mil lion years ago. There were not any men at that time. The world's animals were different then.
But the bones can take us backwards through time into the past. And they can help us with our study of the evolution of life.
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Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
The period of adolescence, i.e., the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society's definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one's life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.
In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, rights, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this stage loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult fights which increase his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a driver's license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, be can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after majority status has been attained. None of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood had been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.
Why is adolescence a relatively short period of time in primitive societies？
A．Garbage from foodB．Old ears.C．Empty bottles.D．Bottle glass.
A．BB．Get rid of dust.C．Burn waste paper.D．Screen earth and sand.
听力原文： As is known to all, scientists and philosophers had studied the human body and its functions from very early times. Unfortunately, many of the ideas and theories, correct and incorrect, were accepted without question for a great number of years. But by the 16th century, knowledge gained through chemical experiments was beginning to make some people think more deeply about how the human body works.
A most important medical discovery was made by William Harvey in 1628. He found out that the blood is circulated round the body in one direction only by the pumping action of the heart. It had previously been incorrectly thought that the blood moved with a backward and forward motion.
Early in the 17th century a new instrument came into use that was to open up a whole new area in the study of medical and scientific matters. This was the microscope.
The first instruments were not very efficient. They were able to magnify only a very small part of the object and this was always surrounded by rings of coloured light. Nevertheless a great step forward had been taken which was of vital importance for future research and development.
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