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A 49-year old man has a lump near his right shoulder that has been increasing in size for the past 8 months. On physical examination, the physician palpates a 4-cm firm, nontender mass in the right supraclavicular region. The mass is excised, and microscopically, it is diagnosed as follicular lymphoma. Karyotypic analysis of the cells shows a chromosomal translocation, t(14;18),involving the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene. Which of the following genes is most likely to have undergone mutation to produce these findings.__
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A 26-year-old woman has a lump in the left breast. On physical examination by the physician, there is an irregular, firm, 2-cm mass in the upper inner quadrant of the breast. No axillary adenopathy is noted. A fine-needle aspirate of the mass shows carcinoma. The patient's 30-year-old sister was recently diagnosed with ovarian cancer, and 3 years ago her maternal aunt was diagnosed with ductal carcinoma of the breast and had a mastectomy. Which of the following genes is most likely to have undergone mutation to produce these findings.__
A 51-year-old man who works in a factory that produces plastic pipe has experienced weight loss, nausea, and vomiting over the past 4 months. On physical examination, he has tenderness to palpation in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, and the liver span is increased. Laboratory findings include serum alkaline phosphatase of 405U/L AST, 45U/L, ALT 30U/L, and total bilirubin 0.9mg/dL. An abdominal CT scan shows a 12-cm mass in the right lobe of the liver. A liver biopsy is performed, and microscopic examination shows an angiosarcoma. The patient has most likely been exposed to which of the following agents.__
A 39-year-old woman underwent a routine health maintenance examination for the first time in many years. A Pap smear was obtained, and the result reported was abnormal. On pelvic examination, a red, slightly raised, 1-cm lesion on the anterior ectocervix at the 2-o’ clock position was excised and biopsied. The microscopic appearance on medium-power magnification is shown above. Which of the following statements best characterizes the patient’s condition.__
A 6l-year-old woman has felt a lump in her breast for the past 2 months. On physical examination, there is a firm 2-cm mass in the right breast. An excisional biopsy specimen of the mass shows carcinoma. Immunoperoxidase stains for protease cathepsin D and matrix metalloproteinase-9 are performed on the microscopic tissue section and show pronounced cytoplasmic staining in the tumor cells. Which of the following characteristics is most likely to be predicted by this marker.__
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