War may be a natural expression of biological instincts and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural (1) of anger, hostility, and territoriality are expressed (2) acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans (3) with animals. Aggression is a kind of (4) survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation that (5) animals to defend themselves from threats to their existence. But, on the other hand, human violent (6) evidence of being a learned behavior. In the case of human aggression violence can not be (7) reduced to an instinct. The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give (8) to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social (9) : It is a strategy for (10) the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical patterns within which human violence has been (11) .The violence within society is controlled through (12) of law. The more developed a (13) system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violence acts. In most tribal societies the only (14) to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility of personally carrying out judgment and punishment (15) the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and (16) The society assumes the responsibility for (17) individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for (18) punishment. In a state controlled legal system, individuals are removed from the cycle of revenge (19) by acts of violence, and the state assumes responsibility of their protection.The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. (20) the one protects the individual form violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.11()
A. coordinated
B. designed
C. released
D. directed
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War may be a natural expression of biological instincts and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural (1) of anger, hostility, and territoriality are expressed (2) acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans (3) with animals. Aggression is a kind of (4) survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation that (5) animals to defend themselves from threats to their existence. But, on the other hand, human violent (6) evidence of being a learned behavior. In the case of human aggression violence can not be (7) reduced to an instinct. The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give (8) to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social (9) : It is a strategy for (10) the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical patterns within which human violence has been (11) .The violence within society is controlled through (12) of law. The more developed a (13) system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violence acts. In most tribal societies the only (14) to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility of personally carrying out judgment and punishment (15) the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and (16) The society assumes the responsibility for (17) individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for (18) punishment. In a state controlled legal system, individuals are removed from the cycle of revenge (19) by acts of violence, and the state assumes responsibility of their protection.The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. (20) the one protects the individual form violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.3()
A. reckon
B. cope
C. part
D. share
Directions:For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices given below. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets.The United States has historically higher rates of marriage than those of other industrialized countries. The current annual marriage (31) in the United States--about 9 new marriages for every 1,000 people—is substantially higher than it is in other industrialized countries. However, marriage is (32) as widespread as it was several decades ago. The proportion of American adults who are married (33) from 72 percent in 1970 to 60 percent in 2002. This does not mean that large numbers of people will remain unmarried (34) their lives. Thronghout the 20th century, about 90 percent of Americans married at some point in their lives. Experts (35) that about the same proportion of today’ s young adults will eventually marry.The timing of marriage has varied (36) over the past century. In 1995 the average age of women in the United States at the time of their first marriage was 25. The average age of men was about 27. Men and women in the United States marry for the first time at an average of five years later than people did in the 1950s. (37) ,young adults of the 1950s married younger than did any previous (38) in U.S. history. Today’s later age of marriage is in line with the age of marriage between 1890 and 1940. Moreover, a greater proportion of the population was married (95 percent) during the 1950s than at any time before (39) . Experts do not agree on why the "marriage rush" of the late 1940s and 1950s occurred, but most social scientists believe it represented a (40) to the return of peaceful life and prosperity after 15 years of severe economic depression and war. 33()
A. declined
B. deteriorated
C. deduced
D. demolished
War may be a natural expression of biological instincts and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural (1) of anger, hostility, and territoriality are expressed (2) acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans (3) with animals. Aggression is a kind of (4) survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation that (5) animals to defend themselves from threats to their existence. But, on the other hand, human violent (6) evidence of being a learned behavior. In the case of human aggression violence can not be (7) reduced to an instinct. The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give (8) to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social (9) : It is a strategy for (10) the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical patterns within which human violence has been (11) .The violence within society is controlled through (12) of law. The more developed a (13) system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violence acts. In most tribal societies the only (14) to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility of personally carrying out judgment and punishment (15) the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and (16) The society assumes the responsibility for (17) individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for (18) punishment. In a state controlled legal system, individuals are removed from the cycle of revenge (19) by acts of violence, and the state assumes responsibility of their protection.The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. (20) the one protects the individual form violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.13()
A. liable
B. loyal
C. legal
D. logical
War may be a natural expression of biological instincts and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural (1) of anger, hostility, and territoriality are expressed (2) acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans (3) with animals. Aggression is a kind of (4) survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation that (5) animals to defend themselves from threats to their existence. But, on the other hand, human violent (6) evidence of being a learned behavior. In the case of human aggression violence can not be (7) reduced to an instinct. The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give (8) to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social (9) : It is a strategy for (10) the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical patterns within which human violence has been (11) .The violence within society is controlled through (12) of law. The more developed a (13) system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violence acts. In most tribal societies the only (14) to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility of personally carrying out judgment and punishment (15) the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and (16) The society assumes the responsibility for (17) individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for (18) punishment. In a state controlled legal system, individuals are removed from the cycle of revenge (19) by acts of violence, and the state assumes responsibility of their protection.The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. (20) the one protects the individual form violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.19()
A. enhanced
B. confided
C. prompted
D. motivated