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Researchers produced evidence to support what most of us already knew--that a cup of tea is the answer to any crisis. Dr. Malcolm Cross, a psychologist at City University London, tested the anxiety levels of a group of people following a 1 situation and revealed that even a single cup of tea has a 2 calming effect. His team gave 42 volunteers a mental arithmetic exam and 3 offered half of them a cup of tea and the other half a glass of water. The water group’s anxiety levels soared 4 25 percent compared to before the task, 5 the tea group actually reported a four percent reduction in anxiety---despite the difficult test, they were more relaxed than when they started. According to a survey carried out for the research, 68 percent of Britons 6 tea in a dilemma, making it the nation’s most common response to trouble of 7 kind. About 60 percent said the promise of comfort and warmth was the main reason for putting the kettle on. "The 8 of making and drinking tea--particularly during times of stress---is at the very 9 of British culture," Cross said. This study shows that the social psychological 10 of tea enhance the effects of its chemical make-up on our bodies and brains.
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Is it possible to be both fat and fit--not just fit enough to exercise, but fit enough to live as long as someone a lot lighter Not according to a 2004 study from the Harvard School of Public Health which looked at 115,000 nurses aged between 30 and 55. Compared with women who were both thin and active, obese (overweight) but active women had a mortality rate that was 91% higher. Though far better than the inactive obese (142% higher), they were still worse off than the inactive lean (5% higher). A similar picture emerged in 2008 after researchers examined 39,000 women with an average age of 54. Compared with active women of normal weight, the active but overweight were 54% more likely to develop heart disease. That’s settled, then. Or is it Steven Blair, a professor of exercise science at the University of South Carolina, describes the official focus on obesity as an "obsession ... and it’s not grounded in solid data". Blair’s most fascinating study, in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 2007, took 2,600 people aged 60 and above, of various degrees of fatness, and tested their fitness on the exercise device, rather than asking them to quantify it themselves. This is an unusually rigorous approach, he claims, since many rival surveys ask participants to assess their own fitness, or ignore it as a factor altogether. "There is an ’association’ between obesity and fitness," he agrees, "but it is not perfect. As you progress towards overweight, the percentage of individuals who are fit does go down. But here’s a shock: among class Ⅱ obese individuals [with a body mass index between 35 and 39.9], about 40% or 45% are still fit. You simply cannot tell by looking whether someone is fit or not. When we look at these mortality rates in fat people who are fit, we see that the harmful effect of fat just disappears: their death rate during the next decade is half that of the normal weight people who are unfit." One day--probably about a hundred years from now--this fat-but-fit question will be answered without the shadow of a doubt. In the meantime, is there anything that all the experts agree on Oh yes: however much your body weighs, you’ll live longer if you move it around a bit. The purpose of writing this passage is to ______.
Researchers produced evidence to support what most of us already knew--that a cup of tea is the answer to any crisis. Dr. Malcolm Cross, a psychologist at City University London, tested the anxiety levels of a group of people following a 1 situation and revealed that even a single cup of tea has a 2 calming effect. His team gave 42 volunteers a mental arithmetic exam and 3 offered half of them a cup of tea and the other half a glass of water. The water group’s anxiety levels soared 4 25 percent compared to before the task, 5 the tea group actually reported a four percent reduction in anxiety---despite the difficult test, they were more relaxed than when they started. According to a survey carried out for the research, 68 percent of Britons 6 tea in a dilemma, making it the nation’s most common response to trouble of 7 kind. About 60 percent said the promise of comfort and warmth was the main reason for putting the kettle on. "The 8 of making and drinking tea--particularly during times of stress---is at the very 9 of British culture," Cross said. This study shows that the social psychological 10 of tea enhance the effects of its chemical make-up on our bodies and brains.
My kids tell me that I am "so 20th century", which troubles me. A person likes to feel that he is "with it", as we used to say in the 20th century. So I have been thinking how I might change myself into a true 21st-century man. Clearly, in my advanced state of age I would be foolish to attempt some wild leap into the contemporary fashion. And anyway, my distinctive taste attracts much favourable comment. But if my clothing is too characteristic to change, perhaps I should do something about my lifestyle. So last week I took myself to the NEC for the Smart Home Show which is "the exhibition dedicated to all the latest trends in smart home technology". It was a shock. How could I have lived for half a century without a fingerprint-operated front door ("Never lock yourself out of your home again!") Or vacuum cleaners that suck dust straight into a dustbin, via a system of pipes in your house walls (MI you have to do is rebuild your entire home.) Or automatic garden sprinklers which are so smart that they turn themselves off when it starts to rain Of course, you could just look out of the window, observe that it’s raining and turn them off yourself, but that would be so 20th century. Besides, those were just the simpler things. For the true smart-home owner, a plasma (等离子) TV fireplace is a must. At first glance it’s just an electric fire with a mantelpiece, but press your remote and a giant TV screen rises from the mantelpiece. "Thieves won’t even know it’s there," a spokesman claimed. Just as well. At ￡5,280, it would be a pity to have it broken. But the real revolution has happened in the bathroom. Never again need you feel cut off from world events as you go about your washing. Forget the mirrors that turn into TV screens. They’re old hat. The buzz in bathrooms now is all about heated towel-racks that turn into TVs. Enough! I was convinced: I want a smart home. There’s only one problem: The cost. You are looking at ￡18,000 to ￡25,000 for an average home. Hmm. I won’t be entering the 21st century just yet, then. The author’s comment on the vacuum cleaner implies that______.
The first device men had for measuring time was the sundial, which was invented around 700 B.C. The early sundial was a hollow half bowl with a bead (有孔小珠) fixed in the center. As the sun traveled across the sky, the shadow of the bead traveled in and is across the face of the bowl. The bowl was divided into 12 equal parts called hours. The length of these hours varied with the seasons, as days were longer or shorter. In the summer an hour might have been half again as long as our hours now, in the winter only half as long. For 1,600 years this way of measuring hours by dividing the daylight into 12 parts didn’t change. A minute is the sixtieth part of an hour and a second is the sixtieth part of a minute. Both of these measurements are for convenience in dividing time into useful sections. The ancient Babylonians reckoned time more accurately than the people who came after than for several thousand years. They used a water clock, the water running through a hole of a very carefully calculated size from one jar into another. The time it took for the water to drip completely through was the length of the day of the equinox. Day and night are equal at that time, each lasting 12 hours. Our modem industry depends on clocks and timing. Assembly lines run on exact time schedules. In the manufacture of almost every article around you there are certain processes that must be timed precisely. China must be baked for an exact length of time, glass hardened, paint dried electrically, canned food processed. If you look around your room, you will probably see dozens of other things that had to be timed when they were made, some of them to a millionth of a second. Parts of radio tubes and light bulbs must be timed as exactly as this. Our whole world runs on a time schedule. Trains and planes, schools and business, radios, traffic lights, and the cake for dessert all depend on the clock. Flyers make a clock out of the sky, so they can call directions. They imagine it to be a huge clock face with their plane at the center of the dial. The nose of the plane points to 12 o’clock. Then if one man yells "see gull at 2 o’clock", everybody knows exactly where to look. "Flyers make a clock out of sky." means flyers______.
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