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It is often difficult for visitors to understand Americans’ lack of desire for privacy. They are not a nation of walled gardens and closed gates. Their yards normally run into one another without fences;they often visit one another’s homes without being invited or telephoning first; they leave their office doors open while they work.Their lack of desire for privacy probably results from their history as a nation. America is a big country. There have never been walled cities in the United States, nor was there the need for Americans to protect themselves from neighboring states. During the early years, America had so few settlers that neighbors were very important; they were not to be shut out by doors and fences. Neighbors offered protection and helped in the hard work of settling the land. They depended upon each other.From the nation’s early history has come the desire for openness rather than privacy. Visitors will notice this desire in a number of small ways; there may be rooms in American homes that do not have doors or that have glass walls. If you notice that people forget to close your door when they leave your room, do not think that this is rude, help them to learn that you would like it to be closed, or else become accustomed to new ways. In either case, be patient with the differences. Visitors will notice Americans’ desire for openness in the way()

A. they wailed their houses with glass
B. they leave the office doors open while working
C. they never have fence
D. they depended upon each other

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It is often difficult for visitors to understand Americans’ lack of desire for privacy. They are not a nation of walled gardens and closed gates. Their yards normally run into one another without fences;they often visit one another’s homes without being invited or telephoning first; they leave their office doors open while they work.Their lack of desire for privacy probably results from their history as a nation. America is a big country. There have never been walled cities in the United States, nor was there the need for Americans to protect themselves from neighboring states. During the early years, America had so few settlers that neighbors were very important; they were not to be shut out by doors and fences. Neighbors offered protection and helped in the hard work of settling the land. They depended upon each other.From the nation’s early history has come the desire for openness rather than privacy. Visitors will notice this desire in a number of small ways; there may be rooms in American homes that do not have doors or that have glass walls. If you notice that people forget to close your door when they leave your room, do not think that this is rude, help them to learn that you would like it to be closed, or else become accustomed to new ways. In either case, be patient with the differences. According to the passage, foreign language students should not worry too much about making mistakes because ()

A. native speakers like foreign students who try to learn their language
B. communication is the primary goal of language learning
C. native speakers will ignore their mistakes
D. everyone makes mistakes when trying to communicate in a strange language

Ask three people to look out of the same window at a busy street corner and tell you what they see. Chances are you will receive three different answers. Each person sees the same scene, but each perceives something different about it.Perceiving goes on in our minds. Of the three people who look out of the window, one may say that he sees a policeman giving a motorist a ticket. Another may say that he sees a rush hour traffic jam at the intersection. The third may tell you that he sees a woman trying to cross the street with four children in tow. For perception is the minds’ interpretation of what the senses in this case our eyes tell us.Many psychologists today are working to try to determine just how a person experiences or perceives the world around him. Using a scientific approach, these psychologists set up experiments in which they can control all of the factors. By measuring and charting the results of many experiments, they are trying to find out what makes different people perceive totally different things about the same scene. Psychologists study perception by()

A. setting up many experiments
B. asking each other what they see
C. looking out of the windows
D. studying people’s eyes

Communication between villages and the nearest town was poor. Roads were bad; there was some attempt to keep them in order, but as each parish was responsible for its own section of road, the state of repair depends on the zeal of the parish officers. There was, however, little wheeled traffic except for farm coaches used by men of wealth. Most traffic was by means of pack horses. Travelers rode on horseback or walked. Since communication was so difficult, the local markets, held weekly at the nearest town, or the fairs, held annually at the greater cities, became important places for the exchange of goods of all kinds. The author’s statement about the importance of markets, and fairs is ()

A. a conclusion he draws on the basis of his main thought
B. an interesting fact he includes although it does not bear strictly on the subject matter of the passage
C. apparently contradicted by the main thought
D. a historical development which took place after the time in which the main events of the passage occurred

Ask three people to look out of the same window at a busy street corner and tell you what they see. Chances are you will receive three different answers. Each person sees the same scene, but each perceives something different about it.Perceiving goes on in our minds. Of the three people who look out of the window, one may say that he sees a policeman giving a motorist a ticket. Another may say that he sees a rush hour traffic jam at the intersection. The third may tell you that he sees a woman trying to cross the street with four children in tow. For perception is the minds’ interpretation of what the senses in this case our eyes tell us.Many psychologists today are working to try to determine just how a person experiences or perceives the world around him. Using a scientific approach, these psychologists set up experiments in which they can control all of the factors. By measuring and charting the results of many experiments, they are trying to find out what makes different people perceive totally different things about the same scene. Implies but not stated:()

A. Psychologists do not yet know how people see.
B. The best experiments are those in which all factors are controlled.
C. The study of perception is going on now.
D. Perception does not involve psychological factors.

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