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According to psychology professor Carol Dweck of Stanford University, "Praising children for being smart can backfire." If this doesn’t get the attention of Millennium parents, I’m not sure what will.It is my observation that so many parents today believe that if their child appears to be the least bit "advanced" for his age, he’s destined to be the next Albert Einstein, Tiger Woods, or Bill Gates. It’s human nature for room and dad to show much admiration for their child and dish out praise for accomplishments achieved. The problem is, according to this study, parents may not be doing the best thing by praising their child for his intelligence.Dweck’s research involved junior high students in New York and concluded that "classroom performance improved when her study subjects believed the brain is like a muscle that can grow." Students who "focused on the learning process (effort, concentration or strategies used) asked for feedback and did better in all subjects." Feedback such as, "You did well because you worked so hard" or "You used so many descriptive words to make this story interesting" can encourage children to try new things, as they are being rewarded for their effort. When the "time and effort" strategy is being positively reinforced, the child will probably use the same strategy next time they are learning something. Over time new strategies can be introduced, so the child’s repertoire of strategies is broadened.Dweck goes on to say that "they (students who improved) performed better because their success was being measured by effort, not by test scores or grades." Parents should praise effort, not just results. Children who received praise about their innate abilities (talents or strengths) had less chance of trying new things and became anxious and under-performed as things became more difficult. That is one of the greatest dangers to continually praising children for whatever they do in order to falsely raise a child’s self-esteem.What are mom and dad to do Offer genuine praise and encouragement for efforts and successes, but balance this with setting appropriate expectations and following up with consequences when the child falls short due to laziness. Don’t make excuses. Your child will better face the challenges life has to offer in the future when you as a parent recognize the efforts he is making today. A child who is praised for his effort and strategy is likely to （）
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As a new matchmaker, Internet dating sites promise two cutting edges: a vastly greater choice of potential partners and scientifically proven way of matching suitable people together.The greater choice is unarguable. But does it lead to better outcomes And do the "scientifically tested methods" actually work These are the questions asked by a team of psychologists led by Eli Finkel.The researchers’ first observation is how any of the much-boasted partner- matching methods actually works. Many firms preserve their intellectual property as trade secrets, and there is no reason why Internet dating sites should not be among them. But this renders claims of effectiveness impossible to test objectively. There is thus no independent scientific evidence that any of these methods does enhance the chance of their hitting it off when they meet.It is possible to test the value of a claim that they match people with compatible personality traits. However, Dr. Dyrenforth asked more than 20,000 people about their relationships and assessed their personalities. Members of couples with similar personalities were indeed happier than those without. But the difference was just 0.5%.Surely, the chances of finding that magic other are increased by the second thing Internet dating brings: a multitude of choice. But here, too, things are not as simple as they might seem.An assumption behind all consumer decisions is that what people think they want is what they actually need. And the data suggest people are not good at knowing what they want. One of Dr. Finkel’s own studies showed that when they are engaged in speed dating, people’s stated preferences at the beginning of the process do not well match the characters of the individuals they actually like. When faced with abundant choices, people pay less attention to characteristics that require thinking and conversation to evaluate and more to physical matters. Choice, in other words, dulls the critical faculties.Finkel’s conclusion is that love is as hard to find on the Internet as elsewhere. You may be just as likely to luck out in the local caf~, or by acting on the impulse to stop and talk to that stranger on the street whose glance you caught, as you are by clicking away with a mouse and hoping that, one day, Cupid’s arrow will strike. The effectiveness of the dating sites is difficult to verify scientifically because they（）
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As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember where we put the keys just a moment ago or an old acquaintance’s name. As the brain fades, we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." While seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a detrimental impact on our professional, social, and personal well-being.Neuroscientists are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It turns out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental workouts can significantly improve our basic cognitive functions. Thinking is essentially a process of making neural connections in the brain. Because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate according to mental effort.A new company has taken it a step further and developed the first "brain training program," called Lumosity, to actually help people improve and regain their mental sharpness. Lumosity is far more than an online place to exercise your mental skills. That’s because they have integrated these exercises into a Web-based program that allows you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps track of your progress and provides detailed feedback on your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it constantly modifies and enhances the games you play to build on the strengths you are developing—much like an effective exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.Apparently it works. In randomized, controlled clinical trials Lumosity was shown to significantly improve basic cognitive functions. One study showed students improved their scores on math tests by 34 percent after using Lumosity for six weeks. The company says its users have reported clearer and quicker thinking, improved memory, increased alertness and awareness, elevated mood, and better concentration at work or while driving.While many of the games at Lumosity are free, a modest subscription fee is required to use the full program over the long term. However, Lumosity is currently offering a free trial of their program to new users so that you can see how well it works before you decide to subscribe. The company believes the results will speak for themselves. What can we learn about “senior moments”（）
Teenagers can become（）and hard to handle if every single decision is taken away from them.
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