Medicine 1 Medicine is the science and art of healing. It is a science because it is based on knowledge gained through careful study and experimentation. It is an art because it depends on how skillfully doctors and other medical workers apply this knowledge when dealing with patients. 2 The goals of medicine are to save lives, to relieve suffering, and to maintain the dignity of ill individuals. For this reason, medicine has long been one of the most respected professions. Thousands of men and women who work in the medical profession spend their lives caring for the sick. When disaster strikes, hospital workers rush emergency aid to the injured. When epidemics threaten, doctors and nurses work to prevent the spread of disease. Researchers in the medical profession continually search for better ways of fighting disease. 3 Human beings have suffered from illness since they first appeared on the earth. Throughout most of this time, they knew little about how the human body works or what causes disease. Treatment was based largely on superstition and guesswork. 4 However, medicine has made tremendous progress in the last several hundred years. Today, it is possible to cure, control, or prevent hundreds of diseases. People live longer than they did in the past as a result of new drugs, machines, and surgical operations. Medical progress in the control of infectious diseases, improvements in health care programs for mothers and children, and better nutrition, sanitation, and living conditions have given people a longer life expectancy. 5 As medicine has become more scientific, it has also become more complicated. In the past, doctors cared for patients almost single-handedly. Patients received treatment at home for most kinds of illness. Today, doctors no longer work by themselves. Instead, they head medical teams made of nurses, laboratory workers, and many other skilled professionals. The care provided by such teams cannot generally be started at home. As a result, clinics and hospitals have become the chief centers for medical care in most countries.A. In ancient tribes, treatment was based largely on superstition.B. Today, extensive knowledge and sophisticated medical techniques make possible the cure, control, and prevention of hundreds of diseases.C. The goals of medicine.D. Control of infectious disease is given as a reason for a longer life.E. School infirmaries appear as a result of increasing complicated medical work.F. Medical care is now provided for patients in hospitals by a medical team consisting of doctors, nurses, and laboratory workers. Paragraph 3______
患者,男,23岁,工人,因车祸致胸12、腰1粉碎性骨折,在当地医院就诊MRI显示脊髓完全横断,手术中可见脊髓硬膜下空虚、青紫、无搏动、截瘫指数6级(即脊髓损伤平面以下完全性截瘫,运动功能丧失、二便失禁、感觉消失)3个月后转入我院诊断结论:T12、L1粉碎性骨折,四度骨折,四度脱位合并脊髓损伤,检查除截瘫指数6级外合并严重的肌肉萎缩。 上肢瘫针刺,下列穴位组合首选
A. 肩髃、曲池、外关、合谷
B. 肩贞、小海、外关、神门
C. 内关、大陵、劳宫、阳溪
D. 尺泽、手三里、太渊、鱼际
E. 曲泽、劳宫、支沟、太渊
A Sunshade for the Planet Even with the best will in the world, reducing our carbon emissions is not going to prevent global wanning. It has become clear that even if we take the strongest measures to control emissions, the uncertainties in our climate models still leave open the possibility of extreme warming and rises in sea level. At the same time, resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by climate scientists might not be implemented soon enough. Fortunately, if the worst comes to the worst, scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves. For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing these options for fear of inviting a sense of complacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the root of the problem. Until now, that is, a growing number of researchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale "geo-engineering" projects that might be used to counteract global wanning. "I use the analogy of methadone," says Stephen Schneider, a climate researcher at Stanford University in California who was among the first to draw attention to global warming. "If you have a heroin addict, the correct treatment is hospitalization and a long rehab. But if they absolutely refuse, methadone is better than heroin. " Basically the idea is to apply "sunscreen" to the whole planet. One astronomer has come up with a radical plan to cool Earth; launch trillions of feather-light discs into space, where they would form a vast cloud that would block the sun’s rays. It’s controversial, but recent studies suggest there are ways to deflect just enough of the sunlight reaching the Earth’s surface to counteract the warming produced by the greenhouse effect. Global climate models show that blocking just 1.8 per cent of the incident energy in the sun’s rays would cancel out the warming effects produced by a doubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. That could be crucial, because even the most severe emissions-control measures being proposed would leave us with a doubling of carbon dioxide by the end of this century, and that would last for at least a century more. What is Stephen Schneider’s idea of preventing global warming
A. To ask governments to take stronger measures.
B. To increase the sunlight reaching the Earth.
C. To apply sunscreen to the Earth.
D. To decrease greenhouse gases.