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Is It Cheaper to Be a Woman—or a Man A.To celebrate the launch of gender equality in financial services, the Guardian explored other areas of spending to find out if there’s discrimination—and after crunching the numbers found the cost of being a woman is (mildly unscientifically) 6% more than a man. Clothes B.Some retailers charge different prices for near identical items, depending on whether you are in the men s or the women s sections. You might think that men s clothes should cost more as they are likely to involve more material, and this is the case at some shops—at Uniqlo, for instance, skinny jeans are £5 more, a cashmere sweater £10 more. However, other retailers charge women more: at Next, for example, you will pay £24 for a "supersoft robe" dressing gown, while a man’s is £22. Women’s Levi’s jeans are £20 more than the £70 for men’s 501s. Overall, where there was a difference, if you bought the same number of identical garments, you would pay more as a man. This seems to be borne out by transaction data from Barclaycard which shows that amongst its customers, women spend an average of £59 a time on clothes, while for men it is £65. C.But across the course of a year, women do have a much bigger outlay (花费). The latest ONS (Office for National Statistics) survey on household spending shows that in 2011 it was an average £244 a year on men’s clothes, against an average of £458 on women’s clothes. Women’s shoes accounted for £109 a year, while men’s cost £68. Men’s accessories cost £10 a year, while women’s £21. Add this all up and on average women are spending £588 a year on their wardrobes, while men are shelling out (花大笔钱) £322. Single-sex spending D.The ONS also has data for the cost of underwear—and it may not be a surprise that household spending on women’s underwear is higher, at an average of £57.20 a year versus £26 for men. A trip to Marks & Spencer established that men’s pants cost more than knickers, but women face additional costs for tights and bras. A survey earlier this year suggested the average woman has nine bras in her underwear drawer—even if you go for Marks & Spencer’s basic two-pack of white bras, that means an outlay of almost £70, and you will need to replace them at some point. E.Another item women will have to buy purely because of their gender is sanitary products. The average woman has periods for at least 30 years of her life and the average cycle is 28 days, so she has 13 a year. Assuming her period lasts five days and she uses four sanitary towels a day, that’s 260 a year. A packet of 26 Always Ultra costs £3.85 in Boots, so that adds up to £38.50 a year, or at least £1155 over a lifetime. For tampons (assuming 20 cost £1.99) the outlay is likely to be around £776 over 30 years. F.For many women, the cost of make-up adds a considerable amount each month. The ONS says £2.70 a week, or £140 a year, is spent on cosmetics. Men might argue that they need to buy razors (剃须刀), but so do many women—and they tend to cost more. At Boots, a pack of 10 Wilkinson Sword razors aimed at the female market cost £4.39-£1.30 more than a similar product aimed at men. The cost of living G.There are other costs that are dictated by nature. Women, for example, are advised to have an average calorie intake of 2000 a day, while a man needs 2500 to maintain his weight, so men need 25% more calories every day. This will not necessarily cost 25% more—you can bulk up a meal by throwing in more of the cheaper staples such as pasta and rice etc., but it will add to the cost. A survey of US office workers found that men who bought takeaway sandwiches were spending almost double on lunch each week than their female counterparts. H.Women are also advised to drink less—two to three units a day against the three or four guideline for men. A bottle of wine at 13.5% alcohol contains 10.13 units. If it costs £4.99, assuming you have the maximum each day, as a woman you will spend £1.47 and as a man £1.96. That’s a big assumption—many people drink less, some more. I.One big thing to remember is that although alcohol may be a preservative, women are likely to live longer, and will therefore have to meet their living costs for more years. In 2010 the average life expectancy at birth was 82 for women and 78 for men: that means forking out for food, heating, travel, entertainment, for four extra years. The change to annuity rates brought in by the gender directive means that women will get the same income as a man, regardless of the fact that they are expected to live longer, but they will need to factor these years of extra spending into their other savings. Haircuts J.Ask most men how much they pay for a haircut and they’ll probably say around a tenner at their local barber. Unless they are friends with a hairdresser, women will usually spend at least double that. This will be in part because they go to different places for their cuts, but even if a man and a woman walked in to the same salon the woman would probably end up paying more. K.Many salons have stopped pricing according to sex, but some quote different costs according to the length of hair, which means women are likely to end up spending more. In Supercuts, for example, prices are advertised as starting from £13.95 for a cut and £16.95 for a cut and wash. At my local salon the hairdresser said a man would pay £16.95 or £18.95, while a cut and shampoo of my shoulder-length hair would cost £23.90. L.By this point you may well be shouting "I need to buy razors far more often than my girlfriend" or "I have to spend on my hair, you’re a baldie (光头)", and of course your individual circumstances will affect your spending habits and needs—or you may have other examples of instances where pricing is different for each sex. On average, that men need more calories than women is one reason for the difference between men’s and women’s cost of food.

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为开发我国西部旅游项目,拟在某山区建设-观光旅游区及架空索道。应地区建设方要求方案做设计。现况条件及要求如下: Ⅰ电源、用电负荷。 1)拟利用现有的地区变电所供电。该变电所受电电压为10kV,馈电电压为10kV/380V/220V,1600kVA变压器已送电,二期将增建变压器。 2)附近乡镇居民用电约500kW。 3)地区气象站及邮电局通信用电容量约50kW,对电源质量要求很高。 Ⅱ旅游区除动力及照明负荷300kW外,还拟建设架空索道一座。 Ⅲ拟利用二手设备400kw直流电动机及晶闸管变流器作为架空索道卷扬机的电动机及调速传动系统。 Ⅳ一期工程建设中,索道卷扬传动需投入运行。 考虑到卷扬机对调速性能的要求,为扩大直流电动机调速系统的调整范围,其最有效的方法是( )。

A. 采用全数字恒功率调速系统
B. 采用闭环调速系统
C. 减少电枢回路电阻
D. 采用恒力矩调速

Sleep is crucial for good health. It helps memory and (26) , keeps you fit, strengthens your immune system, fights inflammation and keeps your heart and blood (27) in tip-top shape. While you’re snoozing, the body repairs damaged (28) , produces crucial hormones and strengthens memories—a process called consolidation, which helps you perform a new skill better after sleeping than you would if you spent an (29) amount of time awake. It’s a way for the body to (30) everything that happened over the past waking day and to kind of prepare for the next day. Short sleepers, typically (31) people who get less than six hours of sleep at night, as well as people who don’t spend enough time in the deepest stages of sleep, are at higher risk of heart attacks and strokes than those who get at least seven hours. It’s not clear why sleep may affect the heart, or if there is some (32) factor that affects your cardiovascular system and ability to sleep. But one nighttime problem is a known heart (33) —sleep apnea (睡眠呼吸暂停). People who have this problem tend to snore and have upper airway collapse during sleep. This causes them to snort and gasp for breath, without really waking up enough to (34) it. If you’re not feeling rested during the day and your bed partner says you snore, you should ask your doctor about sleep apnea. There’s enough evidence out there suggesting that it is bad and people need to (35) . Sleep is crucial for good health. It helps memory and (26) , keeps you fit, strengthens your immune system, fights inflammation and keeps your heart and blood (27) in tip-top shape. While you’re snoozing, the body repairs damaged (28) , produces crucial hormones and strengthens memories—a process called consolidation, which helps you perform a new skill better after sleeping than you would if you spent an (29) amount of time awake. It’s a way for the body to (30) everything that happened over the past waking day and to kind of prepare for the next day. Short sleepers, typically (31) people who get less than six hours of sleep at night, as well as people who don’t spend enough time in the deepest stages of sleep, are at higher risk of heart attacks and strokes than those who get at least seven hours. It’s not clear why sleep may affect the heart, or if there is some (32) factor that affects your cardiovascular system and ability to sleep. But one nighttime problem is a known heart (33) —sleep apnea (睡眠呼吸暂停). People who have this problem tend to snore and have upper airway collapse during sleep. This causes them to snort and gasp for breath, without really waking up enough to (34) it. If you’re not feeling rested during the day and your bed partner says you snore, you should ask your doctor about sleep apnea. There’s enough evidence out there suggesting that it is bad and people need to (35) .

Is It Cheaper to Be a Woman—or a Man A.To celebrate the launch of gender equality in financial services, the Guardian explored other areas of spending to find out if there’s discrimination—and after crunching the numbers found the cost of being a woman is (mildly unscientifically) 6% more than a man. Clothes B.Some retailers charge different prices for near identical items, depending on whether you are in the men s or the women s sections. You might think that men s clothes should cost more as they are likely to involve more material, and this is the case at some shops—at Uniqlo, for instance, skinny jeans are £5 more, a cashmere sweater £10 more. However, other retailers charge women more: at Next, for example, you will pay £24 for a "supersoft robe" dressing gown, while a man’s is £22. Women’s Levi’s jeans are £20 more than the £70 for men’s 501s. Overall, where there was a difference, if you bought the same number of identical garments, you would pay more as a man. This seems to be borne out by transaction data from Barclaycard which shows that amongst its customers, women spend an average of £59 a time on clothes, while for men it is £65. C.But across the course of a year, women do have a much bigger outlay (花费). The latest ONS (Office for National Statistics) survey on household spending shows that in 2011 it was an average £244 a year on men’s clothes, against an average of £458 on women’s clothes. Women’s shoes accounted for £109 a year, while men’s cost £68. Men’s accessories cost £10 a year, while women’s £21. Add this all up and on average women are spending £588 a year on their wardrobes, while men are shelling out (花大笔钱) £322. Single-sex spending D.The ONS also has data for the cost of underwear—and it may not be a surprise that household spending on women’s underwear is higher, at an average of £57.20 a year versus £26 for men. A trip to Marks & Spencer established that men’s pants cost more than knickers, but women face additional costs for tights and bras. A survey earlier this year suggested the average woman has nine bras in her underwear drawer—even if you go for Marks & Spencer’s basic two-pack of white bras, that means an outlay of almost £70, and you will need to replace them at some point. E.Another item women will have to buy purely because of their gender is sanitary products. The average woman has periods for at least 30 years of her life and the average cycle is 28 days, so she has 13 a year. Assuming her period lasts five days and she uses four sanitary towels a day, that’s 260 a year. A packet of 26 Always Ultra costs £3.85 in Boots, so that adds up to £38.50 a year, or at least £1155 over a lifetime. For tampons (assuming 20 cost £1.99) the outlay is likely to be around £776 over 30 years. F.For many women, the cost of make-up adds a considerable amount each month. The ONS says £2.70 a week, or £140 a year, is spent on cosmetics. Men might argue that they need to buy razors (剃须刀), but so do many women—and they tend to cost more. At Boots, a pack of 10 Wilkinson Sword razors aimed at the female market cost £4.39-£1.30 more than a similar product aimed at men. The cost of living G.There are other costs that are dictated by nature. Women, for example, are advised to have an average calorie intake of 2000 a day, while a man needs 2500 to maintain his weight, so men need 25% more calories every day. This will not necessarily cost 25% more—you can bulk up a meal by throwing in more of the cheaper staples such as pasta and rice etc., but it will add to the cost. A survey of US office workers found that men who bought takeaway sandwiches were spending almost double on lunch each week than their female counterparts. H.Women are also advised to drink less—two to three units a day against the three or four guideline for men. A bottle of wine at 13.5% alcohol contains 10.13 units. If it costs £4.99, assuming you have the maximum each day, as a woman you will spend £1.47 and as a man £1.96. That’s a big assumption—many people drink less, some more. I.One big thing to remember is that although alcohol may be a preservative, women are likely to live longer, and will therefore have to meet their living costs for more years. In 2010 the average life expectancy at birth was 82 for women and 78 for men: that means forking out for food, heating, travel, entertainment, for four extra years. The change to annuity rates brought in by the gender directive means that women will get the same income as a man, regardless of the fact that they are expected to live longer, but they will need to factor these years of extra spending into their other savings. Haircuts J.Ask most men how much they pay for a haircut and they’ll probably say around a tenner at their local barber. Unless they are friends with a hairdresser, women will usually spend at least double that. This will be in part because they go to different places for their cuts, but even if a man and a woman walked in to the same salon the woman would probably end up paying more. K.Many salons have stopped pricing according to sex, but some quote different costs according to the length of hair, which means women are likely to end up spending more. In Supercuts, for example, prices are advertised as starting from £13.95 for a cut and £16.95 for a cut and wash. At my local salon the hairdresser said a man would pay £16.95 or £18.95, while a cut and shampoo of my shoulder-length hair would cost £23.90. L.By this point you may well be shouting "I need to buy razors far more often than my girlfriend" or "I have to spend on my hair, you’re a baldie (光头)", and of course your individual circumstances will affect your spending habits and needs—or you may have other examples of instances where pricing is different for each sex. Razors seem to be necessary for both men and women.

为开发我国西部旅游项目,拟在某山区建设-观光旅游区及架空索道。应地区建设方要求方案做设计。现况条件及要求如下: Ⅰ电源、用电负荷。 1)拟利用现有的地区变电所供电。该变电所受电电压为10kV,馈电电压为10kV/380V/220V,1600kVA变压器已送电,二期将增建变压器。 2)附近乡镇居民用电约500kW。 3)地区气象站及邮电局通信用电容量约50kW,对电源质量要求很高。 Ⅱ旅游区除动力及照明负荷300kW外,还拟建设架空索道一座。 Ⅲ拟利用二手设备400kw直流电动机及晶闸管变流器作为架空索道卷扬机的电动机及调速传动系统。 Ⅳ一期工程建设中,索道卷扬传动需投入运行。 在利用现有直流电动机设计过程中,考虑到晶闸管变流器供电方式交流侧谐波等问题,建设单位要求设计单位对交、直流调速系统进行比较。与直流电动机比较,交流电动机系统的特点:

A. 不受换相条件的限制,没有由于机械式换向器所带来的维修工程量大、事故率高的弊病
B. 容量、电压、电流和转速的上限,不像直流电动机那样受限制
C. 交流电动机体积小、重量轻、飞轮矩小、单机容量大、效率高
D. 由于交流调整技术的突破和变频调整装置性能的完善,目前,交流调速系统的调速性能不但可与直流调速系统相匹敌,而且已超过直流调速系统
E. 上述哪一项特点对投资影响最大(
F. )

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