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How Deafness Makes It Easier to HearMost people think of Beethoven"s hearing loss as an obstacle to composing music. However, he produced his most powerful works in the last decade of his life when he was completely 1 .This is one of the most glorious eases of the triumph of will over adversity, but his biographer, Maynard Solomon, takes a different 2 . Solomon argues that Beethoven"s deafness "heightened" his achievement as a composer. In his deaf world Beethoven could experiment, free from the sounds of the outside world, free to 3 new forms and harmonies.Hearing loss does not seem to affect the musical ability of musicians 4 become deaf. They continue to "hear" music with as much, or greater, accuracy than if they were actually hearing it being 5 .Michael Eagar, who died in 2003, became deaf 6 the age of 21. He described a fascinating phenomenon that happened within three months: "My former musical experiences began to play 7 to me. I couldn"t differentiate between what I heard and real hearing. After many years, it is still rewarding to listen to these playbacks, to "hear" music which is new to me and to find many quiet accompaniments for all of my moods."How is it that the world we see, touch, hear, and 8 is both "out there" and at the same time within us There is no better example of this connection between external stimulus and internal perception than the cochlear implant. No man-made 9 could replace the ability to hear. However, it might be possible to use the brain"s remarkable power to make sense of the electrical signals the implant produces.When Michael Eagar first "switched on" his cochlear implant, the sounds he heard were not at all 10 . Gradually, with much hard work, he began to identify everyday 11 . For example, "The insistent ringing of the telephone became clear almost at once."The primary purpose of the implant is to allow communication with 12 . When people spoke to Eagar, he heard their voices "coming through like a long-distance telephone call on a poor connection". But when it 13 to his beloved music, the implant was of no help. When he wanted to appreciate music, Eagar played the piano. He said, "I play the piano as I used to and hear it in my head at the same time. The movement of my fingers and the feel of the keys give added "clarity" to 14 in my head."Cochlear implants allow the deaf to hear again in a way that is not perfect, but which can change their lives. Still, as Michael, Eagar discovered, when it comes to musical harmonies, hearing is irrelevant. Even the most amazing cochlear implants 15 have been useless to Beethoven as he composed his Ninth Symphony at the end of his life.
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Blend together the eggs, sugar and flour.
在newbook1的工作表1中，同时选择A1：B3和D2：D8这两个不连续区域。
How Deafness Makes It Easier to HearMost people think of Beethoven"s hearing loss as an obstacle to composing music. However, he produced his most powerful works in the last decade of his life when he was completely 1 .This is one of the most glorious eases of the triumph of will over adversity, but his biographer, Maynard Solomon, takes a different 2 . Solomon argues that Beethoven"s deafness "heightened" his achievement as a composer. In his deaf world Beethoven could experiment, free from the sounds of the outside world, free to 3 new forms and harmonies.Hearing loss does not seem to affect the musical ability of musicians 4 become deaf. They continue to "hear" music with as much, or greater, accuracy than if they were actually hearing it being 5 .Michael Eagar, who died in 2003, became deaf 6 the age of 21. He described a fascinating phenomenon that happened within three months: "My former musical experiences began to play 7 to me. I couldn"t differentiate between what I heard and real hearing. After many years, it is still rewarding to listen to these playbacks, to "hear" music which is new to me and to find many quiet accompaniments for all of my moods."How is it that the world we see, touch, hear, and 8 is both "out there" and at the same time within us There is no better example of this connection between external stimulus and internal perception than the cochlear implant. No man-made 9 could replace the ability to hear. However, it might be possible to use the brain"s remarkable power to make sense of the electrical signals the implant produces.When Michael Eagar first "switched on" his cochlear implant, the sounds he heard were not at all 10 . Gradually, with much hard work, he began to identify everyday 11 . For example, "The insistent ringing of the telephone became clear almost at once."The primary purpose of the implant is to allow communication with 12 . When people spoke to Eagar, he heard their voices "coming through like a long-distance telephone call on a poor connection". But when it 13 to his beloved music, the implant was of no help. When he wanted to appreciate music, Eagar played the piano. He said, "I play the piano as I used to and hear it in my head at the same time. The movement of my fingers and the feel of the keys give added "clarity" to 14 in my head."Cochlear implants allow the deaf to hear again in a way that is not perfect, but which can change their lives. Still, as Michael, Eagar discovered, when it comes to musical harmonies, hearing is irrelevant. Even the most amazing cochlear implants 15 have been useless to Beethoven as he composed his Ninth Symphony at the end of his life.
Americans are much more likely than citizens of other nations to believe that they live in a meritocracy. But this self-image is a fantasy: as a report in The Times last week pointed out, America actually stands out as the advanced country in which it matters most who your parents were, the country in which those born on one of society’s lower rungs have the least chance of climbing to the top or even to the middle. And if you ask why America is more class-bound in practice than the rest of the western world, a large part of the reason is that our government falls down on the job of creating equal opportunity. The failure starts early: in America, the holes in the social safety net mean that both low-income mothers and their children are all too likely to suffer from poor nutrition and receive inadequate health care. It continues once children reach school age, where they encounter a system in which the affluent send their kids to good, well-financed public schools or, if they choose, to private schools, while less-advantaged children get a far worse education. Once they reach college age, those who come from disadvantaged backgrounds are far less likely to go to college—and vastly less likely to go to a top-tier school—than those luckier in their parentage. At the most selective, "tier 1" schools. 74 percent of the entering class comes from the quarter of households that have the highest "socioeconomic status"; only 3 percent comes from the bottom quarter. And if children from our society’s lower rungs do manage to make it into a good college, the lack of financial support makes them far more likely to drop out than the children of the affluent, even if they have as much or more native ability. One long-term study by the department of education found that students with high test scores but low-income parents were less likely to complete college than students with low scores but affluent parents—loosely speaking, that smart poor kids are less likely than dumb rich kids to get a degree. It’s no wonder, then, that Horatio Alger stories, tales of poor kids who make good, are much less common in reality than they are in legend—and much less common in America than they are in Canada or Europe. Which brings me back to those who claim to believe in equality of opportunity. Where is the evidence for that claim Think about it: someone who really wanted equal opportunity would be very concerned about the inequality of our current system. He would support more nutritional aid for low-income mothers-to-be and young children. He would try to improve the quality of public schools. He would support aid to low-income college students. And he would support what every other advanced country has, a universal health care system, so that nobody need worry about untreated illness or crushing medical bills.
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