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请谈谈管理伦理在管理实践中有什么样的价值及障碍。

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目前,高效照明的节能灯在国际市场上大受欢迎。据专家测算,如果以功率11W的节能灯代替60W的白炽灯,可以节电80%,亮度还能提高20%~30%。如果全国有12亿只节能灯,一年可节电858.48亿度,相当于三峡电站一年的发电量。但是,由于种种原因,节能灯在国内受到冷落,无法发挥巨大的节能作用。经过多年的发展,我国的节能灯产业获得了长足的发展。我们不仅掌握了相关的核心技术,产量也跃居世界第一,2003年中国节能灯的产量已占全球产量的70%以上。但是,我国生产的节能灯主要是用于出口,国内的使用量则偏低。以2003年为例,当年节能灯在国内的销售量为3.56亿只,白炽灯的使用量却高达30亿只。为何节能灯在国际市场大受欢迎,而国内市场反应却这么冷淡呢这里面原因很多,其中一个主要障碍就是行业市场不规范,运行混乱。一些小作坊制造的节能灯光效低、寿命短且光衰速度快,严重损害了消费者的信心。2005年2月,国家工商行政管理总局对上海、广东两地的节能灯市场商品进行检测,结果抽样合格率仅为39%。行业市场的混乱导致规范的节能灯生产厂家不敢将主要精力放在国内。这些厂家的重出口战略又加剧了假冒伪劣产品的泛滥,使消费者对节能灯的信心更难建立起来,恶性循环,导致了节能灯产品“墙内开花墙外香”的局面。另外,扶持政策不完善也是节能灯在国内遇冷的原因,我国还缺少全国性的鼓励高效照明产品生产、使用的财政以及税收优惠政策,同时推广节能灯产品也缺乏有效的投融资渠道和激励机制。 节能灯在国际市场上大受欢迎的原因可能是因为什么

A. 价格便宜
B. 节约能源
C. 提高亮度
D. 包括B和C

It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases【B1】the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be【B2】in our past experiences, which are brought into the present【B3】memory. Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep【B4】available for later use. It includes not only "remembering" thing like arithmetic or historical facts, but also any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is【B5】when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six year old child learns to swing a baseball bat. Memory【B6】not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer【B7】that of a human being. The instant access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100 000 "words" ready for【B8】use. An average American teenager probably recognizes the meanings of about 100 000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total【B9】of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of facts and places that the teenager can recognize on sight. The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person"s memory is in terms of words and【B10】of words. 【B10】

A. combinations
B. corrections
C. coordinations
D. collections

It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases【B1】the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be【B2】in our past experiences, which are brought into the present【B3】memory. Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep【B4】available for later use. It includes not only "remembering" thing like arithmetic or historical facts, but also any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is【B5】when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six year old child learns to swing a baseball bat. Memory【B6】not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer【B7】that of a human being. The instant access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100 000 "words" ready for【B8】use. An average American teenager probably recognizes the meanings of about 100 000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total【B9】of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of facts and places that the teenager can recognize on sight. The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person"s memory is in terms of words and【B10】of words. 【B4】

A. experiences
B. bases
C. observations
D. information

It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases【B1】the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be【B2】in our past experiences, which are brought into the present【B3】memory. Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep【B4】available for later use. It includes not only "remembering" thing like arithmetic or historical facts, but also any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is【B5】when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six year old child learns to swing a baseball bat. Memory【B6】not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer【B7】that of a human being. The instant access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100 000 "words" ready for【B8】use. An average American teenager probably recognizes the meanings of about 100 000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total【B9】of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of facts and places that the teenager can recognize on sight. The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person"s memory is in terms of words and【B10】of words. 【B7】

A. to
B. with
C. against
D. for

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