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男性，78岁，既往有前列腺增生史18年。感冒后出现水肿、尿少、恶心、呕吐3天。查体：体温375℃血压150/90mmHg，颜面部轻度水肿，双肺呼吸音清，心律齐，腹软，下腹部可触及充盈的膀胱，双下肢水肿。化验：血肌酐455μmol/L，尿素氮14.8mmoL/L，血色素134g/L；超声示：双肾饱满，右肾13.2cm×4.5cm，左肾14.0cm×4.8cm，双肾盂积水。 本病人常见的并发症是
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男，24岁。全身水肿伴胸、腹腔积液1月，血压16/10kPa(120/76mmHg)，尿蛋白(++++)，血浆白蛋白25g/L，球蛋白28g/L，血尿素氮3.6mmol/L(10mg/dl)。经严格限制钠盐，并注射大剂量速尿，尿量大增，但2天后尿量骤减，精神萎靡，四肢冷，血压8/5.3kPa(60/40mmHg)，体温36℃，尿比重1．028，血尿素氮10.7mmol/L(30mg/dl)，白细胞计数正常，诊断首先应考虑
男性，78岁，既往有前列腺增生史18年。感冒后出现水肿、尿少、恶心、呕吐3天。查体：体温375℃血压150/90mmHg，颜面部轻度水肿，双肺呼吸音清，心律齐，腹软，下腹部可触及充盈的膀胱，双下肢水肿。化验：血肌酐455μmol/L，尿素氮14.8mmoL/L，血色素134g/L；超声示：双肾饱满，右肾13.2cm×4.5cm，左肾14.0cm×4.8cm，双肾盂积水。 此病例的首选治疗方法是
女，27岁，妊娠4月，因尿痛、尿频、尿急2天来诊，无发热与肉眼血尿。尿常规：蛋白(±)，沉渣镜检白细胞满视野。 首选哪种药物治疗
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. March 11th marks the second anniversary of the tsunami that killed 18,500 people in Japan. Good news is scant. Almost 315,000 evacuees still 1 in cramped temporary housing, and need new 2 . A different kind of suffering weighs on about 20m people (a sixth of the 3 ) at this time of year which, though less than anguish-filled, is not trivial. 4 late February until May they 5 pollen allergies, mostly 6 by Japanese cedar, or sugi, trees. Usually the affliction, entailing sneezing, eye irritation and huge medical bills, is shrugged off—it can’t be helped. 7 a way could be found to ease the allergies that could also 8 rebuild homes. It would involve thinning out the sugi and other conifer plantations that 9 about 40% of Japan’s forest, most of which are now 10 as uneconomic. The timber could be used to restore and beautify lost villages. The sugi were planted across Japan after the war as material to 11 destroyed cities and 12 . Sugi, straight and tall, are 13 for construction. But after taxes fell, imported wood put the sugi foresters out of business. The higher they grow, the more pollen the magnificent, abandoned trees emit. Officials say some owners, many now in their 70s, reject 14 to plant new ones that emit less pollen 15 the payback is too long. As a result, 16 Kevin Short, a columnist for the Daily Yomiuri, an English-language newspaper, "immense clouds of yellow-green sugi pollen dust 17 down onto the urban areas, like some amorphous monster out of a science-fiction movie." 18 Kiyohito Onuma of the Forestry Agency says his sneezing wife and children often ask him to do more to 19 the problem, the public pressure is muted. Partly this is because the sugi have always 20 near temples and shrines, and are part of national folklore.
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