题目内容

关于非条件反射的叙述，错误的是

A. 生来就有
B. 数量有限
C. 比较固定
D. 它的建立必需有大脑皮质的参与
E. 对于个体生存和种系生存具有重要意义

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甲状腺素治疗克汀病人是

A. 一级预防
B. 二级预防
C. 三级预防
D. 传染病的防疫性措施
E. 慢性病的预防性措施

测量细菌大小的单位是

A. nm
B. pm
C. cm
D. mm
E. dm

细菌缺乏下列哪一种结构仍可存活

A. 细胞壁
B. 细胞膜
C. 细胞质
D. 细胞核
E. 核糖体

WhennightfallsinremotepartsofAfricaandtheIndiansubcontinent,hundredsofmillionsofpeoplewithoutaccesstoelectricityturntocandlesorkerosenelampsforillumination. Slowlythroughsmallloansforsolarpowereddevices,microfinanceisbringinglighttotheseruralregionswherealackofelectricityhasstemmedeconomicdevelopment,helddownliteracyratesanddamagedhealth. “Earlier,theycouldnotdomuchoncethesunset.Now,thesunisuseddifferently.Theyhaveincreasedtheirproductivity,improvedtheirhealthandsocio-economicstatus,”saidPinalShahfromSEWABank,amicro-lendinginstitution. VegetablesellerRamibenWaghritookoutaloantobuyasolarlanternwhichsheusestolightupherstallatnight.Thelanterncostsbetween$66-$112,aboutaweek’sincomeforWaghri.“Thevegetableslookbetterbythislight,andit’scheaperthankeroseneanddoesn’tsmell,”saidWaghri,whoestimatesshemakesabout300rupees($6)moreeacheveningwithherlantern.“Ifwecanusethesuntosavesomemoney,whynot” InIndia,solarpowerprojects,oftenfundedbymicrocreditinstitutions,arehelpingthecountryreducecarbonemissionsandachieveitsgoaltodoublethecontributionofrenewableenergyto6%,or25,000megawatts,withinthenextfouryears. Off-gridapplicationssuchassolarcookersandlanterns,whichcanprovideseveralhoursoflightatnightafterbeingchargedbythesunduringtheday,willhelpcutdependenceonfossilfuelsandreducethefourthbiggestemitter’scarbonfootprint,saidPradeepDadhich,aseniorfellowatenergyresearchinstituteTERIinIndia“Theyarereachingpeoplewhootherwisehavelimitedornoaccesstoelectricityanddependonkerosene,dieselorfirewoodfortheirenergyneed,”hesaid.“Theappliancesnotonlysatisfytheseneeds,theyalsoimprovethequalityoflifeandreducethecarbonemissions.” SEWA,ortheSelf-EmployedWomen’sAssociation,isamongagrowingnumberofmicrofinanceinstitutionsinIndiafocusedonprovidingaffordablerenewableenergysourcestopoorpeople,whootherwisewouldhavehadtostandforhourstobuykeroseneforlampsortrudgekilometerstocollectfirewoodforcooking. SKS,Microfinance,thelargestsuchinstitutioninIndia,offerssolarlampstoits5millioncustomers,whiletheRuralSolarElectricityFoundationhelpspayforlampsandsystemsforhomesandstreetlightingforvillagersinIndia,NepalandBangladesh. InneighboringBangladesh,thestate-ownedandprivate-sectorpowerplantscangenerate3,700to4,300megawattsofelectricityadayagainstademandof5,500megawatts,accordingtothestate-runpowerdevelopmentboard.Withonly40percentofthecountry’speoplehavingaccesstoelectricity,microfinanceinstitutionslikeGrameenBankhavemadeamajorpushtowardexpandingtheuseofsolarpower.Since2001,350,000solarhomesystemshavebeeninstalledinBangladeshand550,000solarlanternshavebeendistributed,bringingsolarpowertoabout4millionpeople. “Rightnow2.5millionpeoplearebenefitingfromsolarenergy,andwehaveaplantoreach10millionpeoplebytheendof2012,”saidDipalChandraBarua,managingdirectorofGrameenShakti,anoffshootofthe2006NobelPeacePrizewinnerGrameenBank,whichencouragestheuseofalternativeenergy.