题目内容
Questions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:There are several ways of listening that net us nothing but trouble, according to Dr. RalphNichols of the University of Minnesota. If we recognize and try to conquer them, we can step upour listening ability by about twenty-five percent and thereby greatly increase our chances forsuccess in our daily lives.Unless you are very unusual indeed, says Dn Nichols, you must plead guilty to several of thefollowing bad listening habits:Daydream Listening: You can think about four times as fast as the average person speaks. So youhave quite a bit of spare thinking time while waiting for the words to come in. Unconsciously, youuse this time, if you are a poor listener, to let your thoughts drift elsewhere.For instance, your teacher is giving you some background material on Americanhistory. Your mind is with him at first. Then other thoughts drift into that spare thinking space.Without warning, they have taken over your mind entirely... I mustn’t forget to go downtown afterschool for Mother. If only my bike was fixed!Maybe I can get Joe to come over Saturday and helpme... Your thoughts drift on.Suddenly, with a jolt, you hear these words: "Now we’ll have a little teston what I have been explaining." Ouch!So what to do to keep daydreams from filtering in One way is to put that extra thinking time towork--on the subject. Sum up what the speaker is saying; look for major points. Pretend you aregoing to have to repeat his ideas. Put his words into your words. It isn’t easy. It takes effort and timeto learn. But the results are sure to surprise and please you"That’s-What-You-Think" Listening: You have your own pet ideas on certain subjects. You don’tlike to hear anything which might make you question them. So when anyone begins arguing on theother side, you simply stop listening.Instead you plan what you are going to answer. Anyone whorefuses too often tolisten to the other side of a question risks becoming narrow-minded an exasperating andunattractive trait in the other fellow. Is it any more becoming to you No thanks, you say, anddecide to hear the other fellow out. Maybe he is right. Maybe you are. But you can give him a betterargument on your viewpoint if you hear what he says.Half-An-Ear Listening: Often other sounds compete for your attention and win. Your father givesyou a list of errands. But his voice must compete with, say,your favorite song on the radio. Later,you find that half an ear wasn’t enough. You didn’t listen to your father’s words closely enough tohear and remember them. You have to telephone home for a repeat performance. And you can’treally blame your father for being irritated. Better to turn off the radio, shut the door on competingnoises, if possible. If not, guard against your tendency to listen to distracting sounds.So there are the forces--some within ourselves, some outside that work against us in our efforts tolisten. But once we learn what they are and how to fight them, we are well on our way to getting rid of wasteful listening habits. Because thought is faster than speech
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Questions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:Ryerson Machine Tool GuaranteeThis guarantee covers all Ryerson industrial tools.Dates of Coverage: All Ryerson industrial tools are guaranteed for 5 years from the date ofreceipt at the customer’s factory or industrial facility.Type of Coverage: This guarantee covers all major tool failures clearly attributable to tool designor construction, and not ordinary wear and tear. This coverage also does not extend to situationswhere the customer has placed the tools under exceptional stress not ordinarily encountered inindustrial processes.Coverage Cancellation: This guarantee plan will be canceled in the case of fraud ormisrepresentation by the customer. The notification of cancellation will be sent to the customer’s emailprovided at the time of purchase.Coverage Alteration: This coverage may be altered in the future as newproduct lines are introduced, or upgrades are introduced to existing product lines.Notice of any such alteration will be submitted to all customers by e-mail.Coverage Adjustment Notice:Ryerson Machine Tool GuaranteeThis supplementary notice is for all customers who have purchased Ryerson machine toolswithin the last two years.Adjustment: Recently, our firm has decided to end sales of the CV210precision cutting tool in use in many of our customer’s factories. Guarantees for these tools will end90 days from the date of this notice.Discounts: Customers desiring to upgrade to our new CV211 precision tool as a replacement forthe CV210 are eligible for 15% discounts for a period of 90 days from the date of this notice.Customers Continuing with CV210: Customers can elect to remain with the CV210, but willhave to operate the tool without coverage from Ryerson. What will happen to users of the CV210 in the future
领导人员不能越级向下属工作人员直接下达指示和命令。
In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, comprisethe whole vocabulary. First, there are those words 61 which we become acquainted in dailyconversation, which we learn, that is to say, from the 62 of our own family and from our familiarassociates, and which we should knowand use 63 we could not read or write. They concern the common things of life,and are thestock-in-trade (惯用言辞) of all who 64 the language. Such words may be called "popular,"since they belong to the people 65 and are not the exclusive possession of a limited class.On the other hand, our language includes a multitude of words which are comparatively 66used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there islittle 67 to use them at home or in the market-place. Our first acquaintance with them comes notfrom our mother’s lips or from the talk of our school-mates, 68 from books that we read,lectures that we hear, or the more formal conversation of highly educated speakers who arediscussing some particular 69 in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual level ofeveryday life. Such words are called "learned," and the 70 between them and the "popular" wordsis of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.
请根据给定资料，用简洁的短语概括“微公益”的主要特征。(要求：以①②③④的表达形式分点列出，语言简洁，不要展开，也不要连成一篇短文)
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