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会计电算化并不能推动会计技术、方法和观念的更新。 ( )
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George Herbert Mead said that humans are talked into humanity. He meant that we gain personal identity as we communicate with others. In the earliest years of our lives, our parents tell us who we are. "You’re (36) ." "You’re so strong." We first see ourselves through the eyes of others, so their messages form important (37) of our self-concepts. Later we interact with teachers, friends, (38) partners, and co-workers who communicate their views of us. Thus, how we see ourselves (39) the views of us that others communicate.The (40) connection behveen identity and communication is (41) evident in children who are (42) of human contact. Case studies of children who were isolated from others reveal that ihey lack a finn self-concept, and their mental and psychological development is severely (43) by lack of language.Communication with others not only affects our sense of identity but also directly influences our physical and emotional well-being. Consistently, (44) People who lack close friends have greater levels of anxiety and depression than people who are close to others. (45) . The conclusion was that social isolation is statistically as dangerous as high blood pressure, smoking and obesity. Many doctors and researchers believe that (46) . 42（）
Proper street behavior in the United States re quires a nice balance of attention and inattention. You are supposed to look at a (62) just enough to show that you are (63) of his presence. If you look too little, you appear proud, (64) much and you are curious. Usually what happens is that people (65) each other until they are about eight feet (66) , at which point both east down their eyes. Sociologist Erring Goffman (67) this as "a kind of dimming of lights."Much of eye behavior is so (68) that we react to it only on the intuitive level. The next time you have a (69) with someone who makes you feel liked, notice what he does with his eyes. (70) are he looks at you more often than is usual with (71) a little longer than the normal. You interpret this as a sign—a polite one— (72) he is interested in you as a person (73) than just in the topic of conversation. Probably you also feel that he is both (74) and sincere.All this has been demonstrated in elaborate (75) . Subjects sit and talk in the psychologist’s laboratory, (76) of the fact that their eye behavior is being (77) from. a one-way vision screen. In one fairly typical experiment, (78) were induced to cheat while performing a task, then were (79) and observed. It was found that those who had (80) met the inter viewer’s eyes less often than was (81) , an indication that "shifty eyes"—to use the mystery writers’ stock phrase—can actually be a tip-off to an attempt to deceive or to feelings of guilt. 73（）
The medical world is gradually realizing that the quality of the environment in hospitals may play a significant role in the process of recovery from illness. As part of a nation-wide effort in Britain to bring art out the galleries and into public places, some of the country’s most talented artists have called in to transform older hospitals and to soften the hard edges of modern buildings. Of the 2 500 National health Service hospitals in Britain, almost 100 now have significant collections of contemporary art in corridors, waiting areas and treatment rooms. These recent initiatives owe a great deal to one artist, Peter Senior, who set up his studio at a Manchester hospital in north-eastern England. The quality of the environment may reduce the need for expensive drugs when a patient is recovering form an illness. A study has shown that patients who had a view on to a garden needed half the number of strong pain killers compared with patients who had no view at all or only a brick wall to look at during the early 1970s. he felt the artist had lost his place in modern society, and that art should be enjoyed by a wider audience. A typical hospital waiting room might have as many as 5 000 visitors each week. What better place to hold regular exhibitions of art Senior held the first exhibition of his own paintings in the out-patients’ waiting area of the Manchester royal Infirmary in 1975. Believed to be Britain’s first hospital-artist, Senior was so much in demand that he was soon joined by a team of six young art school graduates. The effect is striking. Instead of the familiar long, barren corridors and dull waiting rooms, the visitors experience a full view of fresh colours, playful images and restful courtyards. Peter Senior believes that ______.
More than 2,300 universities in over 100 countries have introduced Chinese courses to their curricula, and young overseas nationals flock to China each year to learn Chinese. In 2004, the number of international students in China was 400,000, with an annual increase of 20 percent in the past five years, according to the Chinese Ministry of Education.The Rise of China’s EconomyMonsieur Label and his wife, both respected architects living in Paris’ Sixth Quarter, have enrolled their daughter in a nearby school where Chinese classes start at kindergarten. Monsieur Label says of China: "I and my colleagues witnessed the country’s amazing development when we attended a recent seminar in Shenzhen. I believe that China is the economic superpower of the future. My wife and I speak French, English and Spanish, but my daughter should also learn Chinese because it will be useful to her when she grows up."Since Chinese courses were added to the curricula of 132 French junior and senior high schools their enrollment has doubled. That at the Oriental Language and Culture College, one of France’s largest Chinese-teaching colleges, has skyrocketed in recent years, according to Xu Dan, dean of the Chinese Department. She confirms that Chinese and Japanese are now the two most studied Asian languages.French junior student Belda is totally fluent in Chinese. "I’m learning Chinese because I want to be an international lawyer in China," he explains.Young French entrepreneur Patric Penia established his Beiyan Consultancy Company in Paris, and it now works together with China Central Television in introducing French traditions and culture to Chinese audiences. Pattie also cooperated with Beijing’s University of Finance and Economics and Central University of Finance and Economics in launching a three-week crash course in Chinese in Beijing. In 2005, he initiated the "Chinese people and business management" training course in Paris, which consists of seminars to help French businessmen understand how Chinese business operates.Germany has also caught on to the benefits of Chinese language learning, and has added Chinese to its high school graduation exams. Many international corporations also hold introductory Chinese courses for employee’s assigned work in China. "English isn’t enough," says Herr Gerck, president of Siemens China, "We need to equip our staff with the ability to deal with Chinese merchants in their own language."In Britain, a Chinese teaching program that will form part of the national curriculum has been formulated and approved by the Department of Education and Skills. In the U. S. , Chinese is part of the Advance Placement Program for American high school students. This means that students can take college-level Chinese in the same way as they learn French, Spanish and German and gain credits if they get good test results. More than 2,500 primary and high schools now offer AP courses in the Chinese language.Cultural EchoesChinese characters, along with the Confucian philosophy, have always had profound influence on Han cultural circles in Asia, and after a brief hiatus, Chinese language teaching is in demand once more in the ROK, Singapore, Japan and Vietnam."Singaporeans rushed to learn English in the 1970s, when it was believed to be the most useful language for the future. Now, in the 21st century, a lack of Chinese-speaking skills is seen as a disadvantage," says one Singaporean student, who recently graduated from Beijing University with a BA in international relations.The German ambassador to the ROK once told vice minister of Education Zhang Xinsheng: "Nowadays, high school teachers of German and French must also learn Chinese if they want to keep their jobs."In the ROK, a high HSK (Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi--the Chinese Language Proficiency Test taken by non-native speakers) acts as a springboard for jobs and promotions in large corporations.The number of colleges offering Chinese language courses in the ROK at present stands at 347, compared to 20 in the 1980s. By the year 2007, Chinese courses will be taught in primary and high schools, according to the ROK minister of Education. In the course of China’s economic boom over the past two decades, a large number of Koreans have immigrated to China. Many now have their own businesses, which would have been impossible without a formal grounding in Chinese.In Thailand, Chinese has eclipsed Japanese to become the second most common second language. "Public interest has moved from Japanese to Chinese," the Japanese Sankei Shimbun recently reported, "the number of people learning Chinese in Thailand now is tenfold that of ten years ago.Indonesian President Suharto’s resignation in 1998 provided the opportunity for a closer relationship between the two nations and for the Indonesian Chinese population to learn Chlnese, language as well as Chinese traditions. In the belief that "Chinese children should learn Chinese" Indonesian Chinese residents sent their children to schools offering Chinese courses so that they might understand Chinese cultural traditions as well as speak the language. Enrollment at such schools soon skyrocketed, and parents often queued up all night in order to be secure admission for their children.Why Chinese"People around the world are rushing to learn Chinese. This interest can be attributed to China’s economic opportunities and its telling effect on the future" so stated the article China--Embracing the World published in the May issue of The Hindu.In view of the international demand for Chinese language learning, the Chinese government plans to set up 100 Confucius Institutes around the world. The Confucius Institute is a nonprofit organization whose aim is to promote the Chinese language and culture overseas through Internet or on-campus non-degree courses. The first institute was established in Seoul, ROK in November 2004. Since then branches have been set up in many other countries, including the U. S. , Sweden, France and Uzbekistan.Great hopes have been laid on Chengo (Chinese and English on the Go), an E-language learning system based on pinyin rather than Chinese characters developed by 12 experts from China and the U. S., as a means to help children learn Chinese. This software captures children’s attention with stories, games and animations based on the 2008 Olympics.In order to ensure that there are sufficient teachers to meet the current demand, the Chinese government has set up training centers where overseas teachers of Chinese can attend lectures. It has also launched overseas training courses.In addition to dispatching Chinese teachers abroad to teach Chinese, the government has also sent over 1,000 professionally qualified volunteers to countries in Asia, Europe, America and Africa.Since Chinese became so popular in the international community, the number of foreign students applying to take the Chinese Language Proficiency Test (HSK) has surged from 21,000 in 1996 to 100,000 in 2004. It is now possible to take the HSK exam, known to candidates as the "Chinese TOEFL", at 151 local universities or colleges in 34 countries.The Paris-based Chinese newspaper European Times, which has the highest circulation among Chinese-language newspapers in Europe, released a comment early this year entitled "Develop as Rapidly as the Chinese Economy Booms" that analyzed why so many people are rushing to learn Chinese and study in China, Its conclusions were that China’s increasing economic competitiveness and the brilliant future career it offers is a powerful lure to mastering Chinese. But it also pointed out that learning Chinese is the key to Chinese cultural traditions. After all, what point is there in learning a foreign language if you can’t use it to express knowledge of the culture from which it sprang ! Many German international corporations hold introductory Chinese courses for employees’ assigned work in China because they want their staff become interested in China.（）
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