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PART THREE · Read the following text. · Each question has four suggested answers or ways of finishing the sentence, A, B, C and D. · Mark one letter A, B, C or D for the answer you choose.Effective communication is essential for all organizations. It links the activities of the various parts of the organization and ensures that everyone is working toward a common goal. It is also extremely important for motivating employees. Staff need to know how they are getting on, what they are doing right and in which areas they could improve. Working alone can be extremely difficult and it is much easier if someone takes an interest and provides support. Employees need to understand why their job is important and how it contributes to the overall success of the firm. Personal communication should also include target setting. People usually respond well to goals, provided these are agreed between the manager and subordinate and not imposed.However, firms often have communications problems that can undermine their performance. In many cases, these problems occur because messages are passed on in an inappropriate way. There are, of course, several Ways of conveying information to others in the organization. These include speaking to them directly, e-mailing, telephoning or sending a memo. The most appropriate method depends on example, anything that is particularly sensitive or confidential, such as an employee’s appraisal, should be done face-to-face.One of the main problems for senior executives is that they do not have the time or resources needed to communicate effectively. In large companies, for example, it is impossible for senior managers to meet and discuss progress with each employee individually. Obviously this task can be delegated but at the cost of creating a gap between senior management and staff. As a result, managers are often forced to use other methods of communication, like memos or notes, even if they know these are not necessarily the most suitable means of passing on messages.The use of technology, such as e-mail, mobile phones and network systems, is speeding up communication immensely. However, this does not mean that more investment in technology automatically proves beneficial: system can become outdated or employees may lack appropriate training. There are many communications tools now available but a firm cannot afford all of them. Even if it could, it does not actually need them all. The potential gains must be weighed up against the costs, and firms should realize that more communication does not necessarily mean better communication.As the number of people involved in an organization increases, the use of written communication rises even faster. Instead of a quick conversation to sort something out numerous messages can be passed backwards and forward. This can lend to a tremendous amount of paperwork and is often less effective than face to face communication. When you are actually talking to someone you can discuss things until you are happy they have understood and feedback is immediate. With written messages, however, you are never quite sure how it will be received. What you think you have said and what the other person thinks you have said can be very different.The amount of written information generated in large organization today can lead to communication overload. So much information is gathered that it gets in the way of making decisions. Take a look at the average manager’s desk and you will see the problem—it is often covered in letter, reports and memos. This overload can lead to inefficiencies. For example, managers may not be able to find the information they want when they need it. Communication is also becoming more difficult with the changes occurring in employment patterns. With more people working part-time and working from home, managing communication is becoming increasingly complex. What’s the topic of this passage
PART TWO · Read the following text. · Choose the best sentence from A—H to fill in each of the gaps. · For each gap 9—14, mark one letter A—H. · Do not use any letter more than once.Professor Kumar Bhattacharyya, founder and head of Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMG), and Rob Meakin, a personnel director at Marconi, have developed a partnership to train engineers and managers to become e-literate. The New Knowledge Partnership will immerse a team of 40 Marconi managers in what Professor Bhattacharyya calls electronic engineering management or E2. (9) .Professor Bhattacharyya believes that e-commerce is changing the business environment to a huge extent. (10) and, in some cases, are actually resisting change. He says that "As long as enough industry leaders realize its potential benefits, e-business will make possible a second productivity revolution in Britain. This could take the economy close to eliminating the still-substantial competitiveness gap with its main rivals. Over the last five years in the US there has been a 30% improvement in manufacturing-sector productivity because of information technology. In Britain we can achieve more than that and successful e-business will be worth billions to the UK economy."Already Britain makes more use of computer-aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) and management information-technology systems than other European countries, and has a government that actively promotes e-business. But, observes Professor Bhattacharyya, (11) . "The thing about electronic engineering management is that you can keep your legacy systems; you just need to link those systems with an information engine. At the touch of a button it will allow project managers to see the status of a project, identify problems precisely and make virtually immediate decisions based on information that will be much more complete than in the past."The E2 program is the result of an alliance by the Warwick Manufacturing Group with America’s leading e-commerce study center, Carnegie Mellon. (12) , where the group has half its business. In Britain, Professor Bhattacharyya has linked up with Sun Microsystems, Oracle and Parametric Technology, to set up a multi-million pound E2 design and manufacturing center at the university (13) .Professor Bhattacharyya believes that e-commerce is changing business to such an extent that WMG is likely to be renamed Warwick Electronic Manufacturing Group. But, he warns " (14) . Although the net allows British industry to overtake their European peers, it also offers Asian countries the chance to leapfrog the West. For the first time it is not the privilege of the western world because this technology is universal."A. the latter will be responsible for training many of the Marconi managers in AmericaB. the move to globalize because of e-commerce is racing aheadC. which will be used for training and researchD. Britain has never used technology as a growth driverE. lout most people don’t understand this new technologyF. a wide range of engineering and non-engineering companies has expressed interest in these exciting programsG. many chief executives do not understand the power of the new technologiesH. which is very popular in Britain
阅读下面的程序 public class ConcatTest public static void mian (String[]args) String str1="abc"; String str2="ABC"； String str3=str1.concat(str2); System.out.printIn(str3); 程序的运行结果是______。
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