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当学校管理者将教学研究转化为标准化的教学项目并且授权老师使用时,学生学得少并且没有以前学得好,即使老师都是一样的。因此,管理者从理论到实践的转换一定有缺陷。 上面的论述基于下面哪个假设

A. 老师根据标准化的项目的教学能力是相同的。
B. 标准化的教学项目所进行的教学研究是合理的。
C. 应当进一步研究如何把理论转化为实践。
D. 教师现在完成项目的方法是无效的。
E. 学生学习的水平随着阶段不同而不同。

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Passage Three In the primary school, a child is in a comparatively simple setting and most of the time forms a relationship with one familiar teacher. On entering secondary school, a new world opens up and frequently it is a much more difficult world. The pupil soon learns to be less free in the way he speaks to teachers and even to his fellow pupils. He begins to lose gradually the free and easy ways of the primary school, for he senses the need for a more cautious approach in the secondary school where there are older pupils. Secondary staff and pupils suffer from the pressures of academic work and seem to have less time to stop and talk. Teachers with specialist roles may see hundreds of children in a week, and a pupil may be able to form relationships with very few of the staff. ①He has to decide which adults are approachable; good schools will make clear to every young person from the first year what guidance and personal help is available but whether the reality of life in the institution actually encourages requests for help is another matter. Adults often forget what a confusing picture school can offer to a child. He sees a great deal of movement, a great number of people-often rather frightening-looking people-and realizes that an increasing number of choices and decisions have to be made. As he progresses through the school the confusion may become less but the choices and decisions required will increase. ②The school will rightly expect the pupil to take the first steps to obtain the help he needs, for this is the pattern of adult life for which he has to be prepared, but all the time the opportunities for personal and group advice must be presented in a way which makes them easy to understand and within easy reach of pupils. What is the main idea of this passage

A. The difference between the primary school and the secondary school.
B. The method that pupils get help from the teachers.
C. The personal development of the pupils in the secondary school.
D. The function of the secondary school.

直到最近专家还相信是环境而非基因对人类个性的影响最大,但是一项新的研究却表明一起成长起来和同卵双生子的个性的相似之处比一起成长起来的非同卵双生子多。因此这项研究得出结论认为,基因在决定个性方面确实起重要作用。 下面哪个,如果被证实,对该研究的结论提出了最大的质疑

A. 在不同家庭抚养的同卵双胞胎表现出性格的相同之处比同种情况下的非同卵双生的双胞胎表现出来的相同之处多。
B. 不论双胞胎举止如何,父母对待同卵双胞胎的方式总是容易激发出相似的性格特征,而对待非同卵的双胞胎的方式却并非如此。
C. 拥有同卵双胞胎和非同卵双胞胎的父母一直认为他们的孩子从婴儿时起性格就已固定了。
D. 亲生父母和他们的同卵双胞胎之间会有许多相似的性格,而养父母和双胞胎之间的相似性格则没有多少。
E. 无论同卵双胞胎还是非同卵双胞胎,在他们成长过程中,他们的个性都不会发生明显变化。

统计数据正确地揭示:整个20世纪,全球范围内火山爆发的次数逐年缓慢上升,只有在两次世界大战期间,火山爆发的次数明显下降。科学家同样正确地揭示:整个20世纪,全球火山的活动性处于一个几乎不变的水平上,这和19世纪的情况形成了鲜明的对比。 如果上述断定是真的,则以下哪些项也一定是真的 Ⅰ.如果20世纪不发生两次世界大战,全球范围内火山爆发的次数将无例外地呈逐年缓慢上升的趋势。 Ⅱ.火山自身的活动性,并不是造成火山爆发的唯一原因。 Ⅲ.19世纪全球火山爆发比20世纪要频繁。

A. 只有Ⅰ。
B. 只有Ⅱ。
C. 只有Ⅲ。
D. 只有Ⅰ和Ⅱ。
E. Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ。

在19世纪,英国的城市人口上升,而农村人口下降。一位历史学家推理说,工业化并非是产生这种变化的原因,这种变化是由一系列人口向城市地区的迁移而造成的,而这种迁移都是发生在每次农业经济的衰退时期。为证明这种假说,这位历史学家将经济数据同人口普查数据进行了对比。 下列哪一个假如是正确的,最支持历史学家的假设

A. 工业经济增长最大的时期总伴随着农业人口数目的相对减少。
B. 农业经济最衰弱的时期总伴随着总人口数目的相对缓慢增长。
C. 在农业经济相对强大、工业经济相对衰弱时期,总伴随着农村人口的快速减少。
D. 在农业和工业经济都强劲的时期伴随着城市人口尤其快速的增长。
E. 在农业经济最强劲的时期伴随着城市人口的相对缓慢增长。

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