The basic function of money is the enable buying to be separated from selling, thus permitting trade to take place without the so-called double coincidence of barter. If a person has something to sell and wants something else (1) return, it is not necessary to search for someone able and (2) to make the desired exchange of items. The person can sell the (3) item for general purchasing power-that is, "money"-to anyone who wants to buy it and then use the proceeds to buy the desired item from anyone who wants to sell it. The importance of this function of money is (4) illustrated by the experience of Germany just after World War II, (5) paper money was (6) largely useless because, despite inflationary conditions, price controls were effectively (7) by the American, French, and British armies of occupation. People had to (8) to barter or to inefficient money substitutes. The result was to cut total output of the economy in half. The German "economic miracle" just after 1948 reflected partly a currency reform by the occupation authorities, (9) some economists hold that it stemmed primarily from the German government’s (10) of all price controls, (11) . permitting a money economy to (12) a barter economy. (13) of the act of sale from the act of purchase (14) the existence of something that will be generally accepted in payment-this is the " (15) of exchange" function of money. But there must also be something that can serve as a (16) abode of purchasing power, in which the seller holds the proceeds in the interim (17) the first sale and the (18) purchase, or from which the buyer can (19) the general purchasing power with which to pay (20) what is bought. This is the "asset" function of money. 2()
A. capable
B. likely
C. desirable
D. willing
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男,30岁。餐后突发右上腹及剑突下痛,放射到右肩及后背部,二小时后疼痛剧烈,伴恶心,并吐出所进食物,仍不缓解,急诊就医。数年“胃病”史及胆石症历史,间有胆绞痛发作。查体:痛苦病容,体温37.2℃,呼吸28次/分,浅快,律齐。全腹胀,上腹肌紧张,压痛及反跳痛(+)。移动性浊音(±),白细胞12×109/L,血红蛋白125g/L,尿淀粉酶400U(温氏法正常值32U)。 排除该项诊断的最主要根据是
A. 患者有持续腹痛
B. 尿淀粉酶轻度升高
C. 上腹部存在肌紧张及反跳痛
D. 患者体温轻度高
男,30岁。餐后突发右上腹及剑突下痛,放射到右肩及后背部,二小时后疼痛剧烈,伴恶心,并吐出所进食物,仍不缓解,急诊就医。数年“胃病”史及胆石症历史,间有胆绞痛发作。查体:痛苦病容,体温37.2℃,呼吸28次/分,浅快,律齐。全腹胀,上腹肌紧张,压痛及反跳痛(+)。移动性浊音(±),白细胞12×109/L,血红蛋白125g/L,尿淀粉酶400U(温氏法正常值32U)。 下列初步诊断中,不可能的是
A. 胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔
B. 急性胆囊炎
C. 急性肠梗阻
D. 急性胃肠炎
The basic function of money is the enable buying to be separated from selling, thus permitting trade to take place without the so-called double coincidence of barter. If a person has something to sell and wants something else (1) return, it is not necessary to search for someone able and (2) to make the desired exchange of items. The person can sell the (3) item for general purchasing power-that is, "money"-to anyone who wants to buy it and then use the proceeds to buy the desired item from anyone who wants to sell it. The importance of this function of money is (4) illustrated by the experience of Germany just after World War II, (5) paper money was (6) largely useless because, despite inflationary conditions, price controls were effectively (7) by the American, French, and British armies of occupation. People had to (8) to barter or to inefficient money substitutes. The result was to cut total output of the economy in half. The German "economic miracle" just after 1948 reflected partly a currency reform by the occupation authorities, (9) some economists hold that it stemmed primarily from the German government’s (10) of all price controls, (11) . permitting a money economy to (12) a barter economy. (13) of the act of sale from the act of purchase (14) the existence of something that will be generally accepted in payment-this is the " (15) of exchange" function of money. But there must also be something that can serve as a (16) abode of purchasing power, in which the seller holds the proceeds in the interim (17) the first sale and the (18) purchase, or from which the buyer can (19) the general purchasing power with which to pay (20) what is bought. This is the "asset" function of money. 9()
A. and
B. but
C. therefore
D. however
Studies from 10 nations reveal that the rates of depression among women are twice as high as they are among men. Do women have a biological bent for depression, or are social double standards the major cause Mental health workers have long noticed among the clinically depressed women take up a bigger proportion. Until recently, though, it was unclear whether more women than men were ill or, instead, whether more women sought help. In fact, a mounting collection of studies has confirmed that major depression is twice as common among women as it is among men. "This is one of the most consistent findings we have ever had," says Myrna M. Weissman of Columbia University. Scientists searching for explanations are challenged by the fact that a variety of cues prompt depression in different people. Sorting out which factors might have a greater influence on women has not proved easy. Both sexes stand an equal chance of inheriting major depression, so genes are most likely not to blame. Yet hormones and sleep cycles--which differ dramatically between the sexescan alter mood. Also, many workers have proposed that social discrimination might put women under high levels of stress. In 1990 an international group examines mood disorders. In the 10 nations reviewed so far, the team has found that among generations reaching maturity after 1945, depression seems to be on the rise and occurs at a younger age. Although overall incidence varies regionally, "everywhere the rates of depression among women are about twice as high as they are among men," Weissman says. In contrast, lifetime rates for manic-depressive illness do not differ according to sex or culture. Mark S. George and his colleagues at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) recently studied which regions of the brain have greater blood flow during periods of depression. George found that "the brain activity of the men and women of depression looked very different. " He has since compared feelings of anger, anxiety and happiness, finding no such big a difference. Because one in five American women has a history of depression, especially as they often pursue therapy from other sources, sometimes on top of an anti-depressant clinic. Says Leibenluft: "It is remarkable how little work has been done on this subject. \ Which one of the following is true about Myrna M. Weissman’s comment
A. Women have a biological bent for depression.
B. The chance for women to have a major depression is twice as high as it is for men.
C. Social double standards are the major cause for women’s depression.
D. More women sought help, and this makes it seem like more women suffer from depression.