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It is hard to say how long people have been drinking wine. Wine is far older than recorded history. Some experts say it is as old as (31) itself. The flint wine ever made was (32) an accident. People in ancient times (33) have picked ripe grapes. Some juicy grapes at the bottom of the container were (34) together. As the grapes broke open, yeasts on the skins went to work turning sugar from the fruit into alcohol. It is the fermentation (35) that turns grape juice into wine. Wine was not just about having a/an (36) drink. It could be stored for future use. (37) it was nutritious and much safer to drink than water during early times. Some experts say that up (38) the 1600s in Europe, wine was one of the only prepared drinks. After that, wine had (39) from beer, coffee, and tea. Winemaking probably began in the ancient Near East and Egypt. Burial places in ancient Egypt (40) information about wine and its importance in Egyptian culture. The ancient Romans greatly expanded the winemaking (41) By the end of the Roman Empire, almost all of the major wine producing (42) still in production today (43) established in western Europe. One thing was very important for the start of the modem wine industry. Wine (44) a better storage method. In the mid-16OOs’ people began making glass wine bottles that were (45) and low cost. Before that, wine was transported in containers made (46) wood, clay or leather. Glass bottles and the tight seal of a cork (47) wine to last longer in storage. It became clear that wine (48) even better over time. These developments (49) a whole new kind of wine culture. Today, the top wine producing countries in the world are Italy, France and Spain, (50) the United States.
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The idea came to Nathan Eagle, a research scientist with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, when he was doing a teaching stint in rural Kenya. He realised that, as three-quarters of the 4.6 billion mobile-phone users worldwide live in developing countries, a useful piece of technology is now being placed in the hands of a large number of people who might be keen to use their devices to make some money.① To help them do so, he came up with a service called txteagle which distributes small jobs via text messaging in return for small payments. Only 18% of people in the developing world have access to the Internet, but more than 50% owned a mobile-phone handset at the end of 2009 ( a number which has more than doubled since 2005 ), according to the International Telecommunication Union. One study shows that adding ten mobile phones per 100 people in a typical developing country boosts growth in GDP per person by 0.8 percentage points. Mr. Eagle hopes txteagle will do its bit by mobile "crowdsourcing"—breaking down jobs into small tasks and sending them to lots of individuals. These jobs often involve local knowledge and range from things like checking what street signs say in rural Sudan for a satellite-navigation service to translating words into a Kenyan dialect for companies trying to spread their marketing. ② A woman living in rural Brazil or India may have limited access to work, adds Mr. Eagle, "but she can still use her mobile phone to collect local price and product data or even complete market-research surveys. " Payments are transferred to a user’s phone by a mobile money service, such as the M-PESA system run by Safaricom in Africa, or by providing additional calling credit. Working with over 220 mobile operators, txteagle is able to reach 2 billion subscribers in 80 countries. It already has the largest contract-labour force in Kenya and new ways of using it are being found all the time. Recently a large media firm asked Mr. Eagle for help in monitoring its television commercials across Africa. The company was concerned that, although it had paid for broadcasting rights, its ads could be replaced with others by local television companies. So txteagle pays locals to watch and then text notes about which ads are shown. "I would never think of that myself," says Mr. Eagle. Which is why he is not sure just how big all these small text jobs could become. The one who is most likely to use txteagle is ______.
使用两个音箱就能够模拟出逼真的三维声场的三维环绕声技术是 【19】 技术。
为了克服机箱内部电磁干扰对于声卡音质的影响，SONY和PHILIPS公司推出了 SPDIF接口。就传输方向来分，可以分为SPDFIN和SPDF OUT两种，其中SPIDF IN主要应用于输入 【17】 。
Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation. What will the woman have to do in a few months according to the conversation
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