阅读下面的文字,按要求回答问题。西湖雨夜苏轼咏西湖名句:“水光潋滟晴方好,山色空濛雨亦奇”早已脍炙人口。古人所作西湖游记,写雨者亦殊多,然大半为雨朝;雨夕,鲜有写其雨夜者。一九五六年,我于西湖作三日游。一日下午突布云幔,满城皆暗,未几,雨脚东来,若轻纱,若薄雾,罩西子于帘幕之中。但见南北高峰,憧憧浮动;白苏二堤,隐漾若无。少顷雨急,则孤山、湖心亭一带,草痕树影全模糊了。斯时方觉西湖雨景之美,全在清濛淡雅之间。若以拟人法喻之,西湖恰似十七八岁女儿家于幕后含颦,大可人也。此次来杭,正值中雨,蛰伏旅馆中半日,颇感局促。入夜,杭城友人L君邀约夜游,遂擎一雨伞出。时雨阵方敛,转为潇潇,步行至湖滨公园。觅一石凳坐憩。面对雨夜西湖,默不作声,惟闻雨滴击伞,噗噗作响。西湖雨夜,别有一番雅致。湖山楼阁,仿佛被天公泼墨染却,一派漆黑,更不能辨其轮廓。然沿湖半圈灯火,交烁明灭,望似星城。比我往年所写诗句“夜雨秋灯青似萤”,更为壮观了。又过片刻,雨声渐息,周匝天地,绝不似有人迹者。我不免笑问L君:“你不觉得太清静了吗”L君默默良久,方才答道:“此时无声胜有声。”好一个“无声胜有声”!灵机一动,我很快凑成四句:“无声有声,夜雨秋灯。心随何往,数点青萤。”自以为有些哲理意味,当然不敢说是得了禅机。 对文中画线的“湖山楼阁,仿佛被天公泼墨染却,一派漆黑,更不能辨其轮廓”一句所用修辞手法分析最准确的一项是()。
A. 本句以泼墨山水为喻,形象地写出了雨夜湖上一片漆黑,伸手不见五指的景象。
B. 湖面的漆黑,与沿湖灯火相映衬,更显出雨夜西湖景色别有一番雅致。
C. 连湖山楼阁的轮廓都辨不出来,以夸张的手法,写出雨夜西湖天色之黑。
D. “天公泼墨”的拟人手法,给雨夜的西湖更增加了一些神秘感。
阅读下面的文字,完成文后五题。人们对碳正离子进行研究时发现,它的“寿命”非常短,大约在10-23~10-6秒之间,因此,不能直接用仪器观测到这个有机反应中重要的中间体的“面目”。欧拉的贡献在于他发现了制备“长寿”高浓度碳正离子的方法。他采用了亲和能力小的溶剂,在低温(大约-100℃)下,可以使碳正离子具有长寿命。为了得到高浓度的碳正离子,欧拉使用一种很强的酸(被称为路易斯酸),它可以使卤代烷生成碳正离子。欧拉的成就是建立在许多科学家辛勤工作的基础之上的。早在20世纪50年代,温斯坦在研究亲和取代反应和一些有机物重排时曾经假设,中间体碳正离子是非经典的,它包含一个5配位价的碳。1979年的诺贝尔化学奖获得者布朗对此也做过研究。但是这些仅是假设和解释而已。欧拉的大量工作证明了在强酸介质中,饱和碳氢化合物会发生质子化。通过对碳正离子的分析,能够发现低成本制造化工产品的方法,目前已有几十种产品得益于欧拉的发现。 下列对第三段内容概括正确的一项是()。
A. 欧拉的成就是建立在许多科学家辛勤工作的基础之上的。
B. 温斯坦发现的中间体碳正离子是非经典的。
C. 介绍一些科学家的主要成就。
D. 饱和碳氢化合物会发生质子化。
Within hours of appearing on television to announce the end of conscription, President Jacques Chirac moved quickly to prevent any dissent from within the military establishment. Addressing more than 500 military staff officers at the military academy in Paris yesterday, Mr. Chirac said clearly that he "expected" their loyalty in the work of rebuilding France’s national defense.He understood their "legitimate concerns, questions and emotions" at the reforms, but added. "You must understand that there is not and never has been any rigid model for French defense. Military service has been compulsory for less than a century. Realism required that our armed forces should now be professional."The president’s decision to abolish conscription over a period of six years removes a rite of passage for young Frenchmen that has existed since the Revolution, even though obligatory national service only became law in 1905. As recently as 1993, an opinion poll showed that more than 60% of French people said they feared the abolition of conscription could endanger national security. A poll conducted this month, however, showed that 70% of those asked favored ending of practice, and on the streets and in offices yesterday, the response to Mr. Chirac’s announcement was generally positive.Among people who completed their 10-month period of national service in the last few years or were contemplating the prospect, there was almost universal approval, tempered by a sense that something hard to define--mixing with people from other backgrounds, a formative experience, a process that encouraged national or social cohesion--might be lost.Patrick, who spent his year in the French city of Valance assigning and collecting uniforms, and is now a computer manager, said he was in tears for his first week, and hated most of his time. He thought it was "useless" as a form of military training-- "I only fired a rifle twice"--but, in retrospect, useful for learning how to get on with people and instilling patriotism.As many as 25% of those liable for military service in France somehow avoid it--the percentage is probably much greater in the more educated and higher social classes.According to Geoffroy, a 26-year-old reporter, who spent his time in the navy with the information office in central Paris, the injustice is a good reason for abolishing it. People with money or connections, he said, can get well-paid assignments abroad. "It’s not fair: some do it, some don’t."Several expressed support for the idea of a new socially-oriented voluntary service that would be open to both men and women. But the idea seemed less popular among women. At present, women have the option of voluntary service and a small number choose to take it. We learn from the passage that French women ()
A. are greeting the reform with enthusiasm
B. are not eligible to serve in the army
C. do not face compulsory military service
D. hate to be exempted from military service