41)__________. The mystery involves a change in the atmoshpere—a hole, or thinning, of the ozone in the atmosphere over Antarctica. Scientists were not sure what was causing it.42) __________. It is found both in the air we breathe and in the upper atmosphere. Near the earth, ozone in the air is a danger to life. It is a pollutant. But ozone found 10 kilometers to 50 kilometers up in the atmosphere protects life on earth. Ozone forms in the atmosphere through the action of solar radiation. Once formed, the ozone blocks harmful radiation from reaching the earth. Scientists say a decrease in ozone and an increase in the harmful radiation will cause many more cases of skin cancer and will harm crops, animals and fish.43) __________.Chlorine is released into the air from the chlorofluorocarbons—or CFCs—used in plastic, air conditioners and spray cans. The use of CFCs has greatly increased worldwide since 1960 and is continuing to increase. The destruction of the ozone in the atmosphere also has increased.An international effort is being made to halt the loss of atmospheric ozone. But many experts fear the effort will not produce results fast enough to prevent harm to life on earth. Thirty-one nations negotiated a treaty last year (1987) calling for a reduction in the worldwide production of chlorofluorocarbons. It was praised at the time as a major step in halting further destruction of the ozone. Cuts in the present production of CFCs will begin in the mid-1990s.44) __________.Harmful chemicals take from 7 to 10 years to rise up into the atmosphere. Damage from the increase use of CFCs in this past decade still has not been felt. Government scientists say more than two times the mount of these gases will be in the atmosphere before the levels stop rising.45) __________. Scientists point out a molecule of chlorine remains in the atmosphere for as long as 100 years. During that time, it destroys tens of thousands of ozone molecules.[A] Why has the ozone problem developed No one knows for sure. But scientists say the evidence is very strong that the chlorine in chlorofluorocarbons (含氯氟烃)is causing much of the problem.[B] Almost 30 years after scientists discovered that common industrial gases were destroying Earth’s protective ozone layer, satellite readings and ground observations show for the first time that the dangerous rate of ozone loss is finally slowing.[C] Ozone is a three-atom form of oxygen gas.[D] There have been some new developments in a continuing mystery we have reported about many times.[E] Scientists also say damage to ozone will continue because of the long life of the chemical gases released into the atmosphere.[F] The ozone problem caused by CFCs was first noticed as early as the 1960s.[G] However, most scientists now agree destruction of the ozone will continue for decades. They say this will happen even though industries and governments do their best to control the damage. 42
George Bernard Shaw(1856—1950)was born in Dublin, Ireland. At the age of 14, after graduating from middle school, Shaw was put into a job as clerk in a land agent’s office. At 20 he went to London where he remained jobless for 9 years, devoting much time to self-education. Meantime, Shaw took an active part in the socialist movement. A contemporary of Shaw’s thus wrote of him: "I used to be a daily frequenter of the British Museum Reading Room. Even more assiduous in his attendance was a young man. ...My curiosity was piqued by the odd conjunction of his subjects of research. Day after day for weeks he had before him two books—Karl Marx’s ’Das Kapital’ (in French), and an orchestral score(管弦乐乐谱) of ’Tristan and Isolde’." Though Shaw admitted Marx’s great influence on him, he failed to grasp the necessity of a revolutionary reconstruction of the world. A strong influence was exercised on Shaw by the Fabian society, the English reformist organization. In the early period of his literary career, Shaw wrote some novels, "An Unsocial Socialist" and others, in which he developed the traditions of critical realism, bitterly criticizing the stupidity, snobbishness and petty tyranny of the middle class. In the nineties Shaw turned to the theatre, first working as a dramatic critic, then writing plays for the stage. His role in the development of dramaturgy is very great. Shaw was an enemy of "art for art’s sake". He wrote, "for art’s sake I will not face the toil of writing a sentence." He used the stage to criticize the evils of capitalism. He wrote 51 plays in total, the important ones including "Widower’s Houses", "Saint Joan" and "The Apple Cart". In his plays Shaw laid bare the gross injustice and utter inhumanity of the bourgeois society. This he achieved not so much by the structures of plots in his plays as by the brilliant dialogues between the characters. His exposure of capitalist society is very significant and it places Shaw among the most important representatives of critical realism in modern English literature. Which of the following statements is closest in meaning to the second paragraph
A. Shaw was not influenced by Marx, any more than he was influenced by the Fabian society.
B. The influence of the Fabian society on Shaw exceeded Marx’s influence on him.
C. Shaw admitted that he was influenced by both Marx and the Fabian society to some extent.
D. Marx’s great influence on Shaw surpassed that of Fabian society on him.
某三跨钢筋混凝土框架结构高层建筑,抗震等级为二级,边跨跨度为5.7m,框架梁截面b×h=250mm×600mm,柱截面为500mm×500mm,纵筋采用HRB400级、箍筋采用HPB300级钢筋(fyv=270N/mm2),用C30混凝土。重力荷载代表值作用下,按简支梁分析的边跨梁梁端截面剪力设计值VGb=130.4kN。在重力荷载和地震作用的基本组合下作用于边跨一层梁上的弯矩值为:梁左端:Mmax=200kN·m,-Mmax=-440kN·m梁右端:Mmax=175kN·m,-Mmax=-360kN·m梁跨中:Mmax=180kN·m边跨梁:V=230kN取as=as'=35mm. 该边跨梁的剪力设计值Vb(kN),与下列何项数值最为接近().
A. 230
B. 283
C. 258
D. 272