SECTION A In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. while listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but yon will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. when the lecture is over, yon will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.ANSWER SHEET ONE Seven Types of Evidence It is important to learn to use evidence in argumentative writing, because without evidence, you can’t persuade anybody of anything. Usually seven types of evidence are used.Ⅰ. Expert Testimony Expert testimony is useful because it comes from somebody with special knowledgeand has been tested by others. There are three kinds of expert testimony:facts, informed opinions, and 1 1. _____The first two can be safely used in your writing, but the third may be dangerous,because they are just what is possibly true.Ⅱ. 2 2. _____This refers to data that can reveal some information. Strong evidence of this type shouldbe valid, accurate, and 3 3. _____Ⅲ. ExampleExamples are widely used in our daily life.Examples can serve three purposes. First, clarify meaning. Second, provide reasonfor justification. Third, 4 4. _____Ⅳ. Personal ExperienceWriter can use his own experience to support an argument. But if the experience is 5 , 5. _____the argument will not be very forceful.Ⅴ. AnalogyAnalogy is a comparison of apparently dissimilar things.Analogy can make unfamiliar topics 6 , but it is not enough to prove anything. 6. _____Ⅵ. Known FactsKnown facts are facts that are known to 7 7. _____They can be used as a type of evidence.Ⅶ. Logic and ReasoningLogic and reasoning may be used in two situations. One, 8 is not available.8. _____Two, the writer wants to strengthen the persuasiveness of his factual evidence.Ⅷ. Three Criteria for Good Evidence:1. relevant2. 9 9. _____3. 10 10. _____
男性,60岁,进餐后上腹部轻微疼痛半年,钡餐透视发现胃窦部有一1.5cm大小龛影,局部胃壁僵硬。B超检查示:肝内有可疑低回声区,约1.5cm。化验检查血红蛋白9g/dl,白细胞5×109/L,A/G为3.2/ 2.0。 需要进行的免疫学检查是
A. 胎儿硫糖蛋白抗原
B. 癌胚抗原
C. 甲胎蛋白
D. 皮肤弛缓反应试验
E. 白细胞黏附抑制试验
女性,28岁,因发现左腹壁肿物2年入院。查体:左下腹壁肿物,大小约6cm×4cm,边界清楚,质硬,活动差,B超示腹直肌内低回声实性肿物。 下一步的治疗措施是
A. 暂时观察,不予处理
B. 局部切除,送病理检查
C. 先放疗,再手术切除
D. 先化疗,再手术切除
E. 局部广泛切除,切除后修补腹壁缺损